1. Plant Form and Function
Plant organs

2. Plant organs Root system – roots Shoot system – stem and leaves
Vegetative organs – (allow to live and grow): roots, leaves, stem
Reproduction: flowers, seeds and fruits

3. Roots Underground, usually equal to shoot system in size
Anchors and gives support
Absorbs water and minerals
Penetrates soil as it grows
Root hairs increase surface
area
Produce hormones

4. Root organization Root cap – apical meristem, replaced often Zones
Cell division – primary meristem, mitosis
Elongation – cells lengthen and specialize
Maturation – root hairs, fully differentiated

5. Stems Main axis of plant
Support leaves so that leaves are exposed to as much light as possible
Node – where leaf is attached
Internode – space between nodes
Vascular tissue used in transport
Can store nutrients and water and conduct photosynthesis

6. Leaves Photosynthesis
Size, shape and texture vary and is used in identification
Blade – wide portion of leaf
Petiole – stalk, attaches blade to stem
Axillary bud – where branch or flower may originate

7. Leaf anatomy

8. Plant tissues Meristematic tissue = embryonic
Apical meristem – located on tip of stem and roots, primary growth
Lateral meristems – secondary growth
Woody (non herbaceous), non woody (herbaceous – perennial, dies back in winter)

9. Woody Stems Primary (length) and secondary (girth of trunks) tissues
Secondary tissues form from lateral meristem:
vascular cambium – produces secondary xylem (wood)
Vascular cambium produces new xylem and phloem each year
cork cambium – produces a tough covering that replaces epidermis early in secondary growth
3 distinct areas:
Bark – all tissues outside the vascular cambium, living part of tree
Contains phloem, can kill a tree if damaged
Wood – xylem, almost all is dead when it functions
Cork

10. Secondary growth of trees

11. Vascular tissue Xylem – water and minerals, roots to leaves
Phloem – sucrose and organic molecules (hormones) form leaves to roots
Complex tissues – contain 2 or more kinds of cells
Both extend from roots to leaves
Roots- located in vascular cylinder, stem – vascular bundles, leave – leaf veins

12. Vascular tissue