1. the Sponges
Phylum Porifera

2. I. General Information Kingdom : Animalia Phylum : Porifera
Porifera = “pore bearer”
Yellow barrel sponge
Pink lumpy sponge

3. I. General Information Size range – 1 cm to 2 meters in diameter
Giant Barrel sponges

4. II. Body Structure Ostia – pores – many, water IN
Oscula – large opening(s), one or few, water OUT
osculum

5. II. Body Structure C. Choanocytes – collar cells; have flagella
D. Amoebocytes –
transport food to layer of cells not on the surface

6. II. Body Structure E. Spicules – “skeleton” hard splinter-like;
made of calcium carbonate (CaCO3)
or silica (Si)
F. Spongin –
flexible protein

7. III. Level of organization
A. Cellular
B. Eukaryotic
C. No tissues
Japanese Deep Sea Sponge

8. IV. Symmetry
A. Some asymetrical
B. Some radial

9. V. Habitat Aquatic - A. Marine and B. Fresh-water Purple Rope sponge
Fresh-water Sponge

10. VI. Feeding Heterotrophic Filter feeders Food trapped by choanocytes
Intracellular digestion (within the cell)
No digestive tract

11. VI. Feeding Water & food goes in via ostia
Choanocytes trap food in spongocoel
Amoebocytes carry food to inner layer of cells
Water out osculum

12. VII. Respiration
- via diffusion

13. VIII. Internal transport
via diffusion

14. IX. Excretion
Via
DIFFUSION!!!!!

15. IX. Response NONE ! No Nervous System No cephalization
Pipe organ sponge

16. X. Locomotion = movementor motility Larvae Free- swimming, use cilia
Adults
Sessile
(do NOT
move)

17. XI. Reproduction Asexual budding b. gemmules formed in
stress conditions

18. XI. Reproduction 2. Sexual a. Most monoecious =
both sexes in same organism
(hermaphrodites)
egg & sperm produced
cross fertilization
egg + sperm => free-swimming larvae

19. XI. Reproduction 2. Sexual b. Some dioecious Separate sexes
Egg OR sperm produced
Sponge releasing sperm

20. XII. Ecological Roles Habitat for other aquatic animals
B. Food for some

21. XII. Ecological Roles C. Home use: bathing, cleaning,
home improvement,
other

22. XII. Ecological Roles D. Medical research Sponges do not get cancer
Why not?
Maybe we can use what keeps them from getting cancer to treat humans………..

23. Azure Vase Sponge

24. Giant Barrel Sponge

25. White Cryptic Sponge

26. Elephant Ear Sponge

27. Stove pipe sponge

28. Yellow Vase Sponges

29. Yellow Barrel Sponge

30. Red Branch Sponge

31. How deep would the oceans be if there were no sponges?