1. Unit 2 - Chemistry and Matter

2. Chemistry
the study of composition, structure, and properties of matter and the changes it undergoes.

3. Chemicals
the substances that make up matter

4. Chemists
study the composition and behavior of matter, and they modify materials for new purposes

5. Careers in Chemistry Doctors Environmental Testing Water Analysis
Solar Engineers
Electrochemists
Quality Control
Biotechnician
Pharmacy
Research
Hazardous Waste

6. Matter
anything that has mass and takes up space
Everything is made up of matter

7. Pure Substance
matter that has uniform and definite composition
All samples of one substance have identical physical properties

8. Physical Property
quality or condition of a substance that can be observed or measured without changing the substance’s composition
Intensive property= doesn’t depend on size
Extensive property= depends on size
examples

9. Physical Change
alteration of a given substance without changing its composition
examples

10. Chemical Reaction
one or more substances changing to a new substance
Reactants form Products

11. Chemical Reaction

12. Chemical Reaction

13. Chemical Reaction

14. Chemical Property
ability of a substance to undergo a chemical reaction and form a new substance.

15. Chemical Changes
examples

16. Chemical vs. Physical
In chemical rxns energy is absorbed or released, there is a change in color or odor, and the change can’t be reversed physically while most physical changes can be reversed

17. Physical and Chemical Properties

18. Physical and Chemical Changes

19. Physical and Chemical Changes
Energy Changes occur with physical and chemical changes
Endothermic – energy is absorbed
(T drops)
Exothermic –
energy released
(T rises)

20. Law of Conservation of Mass

21. Law of Conservation of Mass
states that in any physical or chemical change, mass is neither created nor destroyed. It is conserved so that the mass of products equals the mass of the reactants.

22. Law of Conservation of Mass
magnesium and oxygen yield magnesium oxide
2Mg + O2  2MgO

23. Sum Up : Physical or chemical?
Bending a piece of wire
Burning coal
Cooking steak
Cutting grass
Corroding nail
Dissolving sugar in coffee
Fermenting a grape

24. Sum Up : Physical or chemical?
The following is a description of an unknown substance.
The substance is a silvery white, lustrous metal. Its density is 1.738g/cm3. The substance burns in air to produce an intense white light. It reacts with chlorine to give a brittle white solid. It can be pounded into thin sheets.

25.                           
States of Matter
A physical state of a substance is a physical property of that substance
Handout
                          

26. States of Matter Entropy = disorder
As water changes from solid to liquid to gas, the particles are becoming more disordered and gaining entropy.

27. States of Matter
What is the vocabulary associated with the phase changes between solid, liquids, and gases?
How do phase changes occur?
What is really happening to the particles of a substance during a phase change?

28. States of Matter Heating Curve for Water
As heat is added, water changes state
This is an endothermic process because heat is being added

29. States of Matter

30. States of Matter

31. States of Matter

32. States of Matter

33. Building Blocks of Matter

34. Matter
anything that has mass and takes up space
Everything is made up of matter

35. Pure Substance
Matter that has uniform and definite composition
Matter that cannot be separated physically
Elements and compounds

36. Element
pure substance that is made of only one kind of atom
simplest form of matter that can exist under normal laboratory conditions

37. Element

38. Element
The periodic table organizes the elements

39. Element

40. Atom
An atom is the smallest unit of an element that maintains the properties of that element

41. Compound
substance that is made from the atoms of 2 or more different elements that are chemically bonded, and it can be separated by chemical means

42. Compound

43. Compound

44. Compound
Properties of a compound are usually quite different from their elemental components

45. Compound

46. Mixtures
physical blend of 2 or more kinds of matter and each retains its own identity and properties in the mixture
Easily separated physically

47. Mixtures Heterogeneous mixtures are not uniform in composition
Homogenous mixtures are completely uniform in composition; the components are evenly distributed throughout

48. Pure Substance versus Mixtures

49. Separation of Mixtures
Physical properties, filtration, distillation, magnetic properties, and solubility

50. Separation of Mixtures

51. Separation of Mixtures

52. Classification of Matter
Flow Chart

53. Classification of Matter

54. Element, Compound, or Mixture?