1. Russia: From the Czar to Lenin’s Communism
IDEOLOGICAL SHIFT

2. The 1905 revolution
The ineffectiveness of the _____________________________ _____________________________ _____________________________
In January 1905 (after massive industrial strikes), a peaceful, unarmed protest took place outside of the Czar’s palace.

3. These people were protesting horrible work conditions and they had suffered the same hardships as other workers across Europe during the Industrial revolution.
Their petition asked for basic human rights (Freedoms) (see top of 165).
The protest did not go well: Hundreds of people were gunned down by the Imperial Army in an event known as _________________.
This became a turning point in ______________________________________

4. Famous Article 4.
This was an article written into the 1906 Fundamental Laws that stated the following:
The supreme autocratic power is vested in the Emperor of all the Russians. It is God's command that his authority should be obeyed not only through fear but for conscience's sake.”
Article 9 in the Constitution states that the ____________________________________________ ____________________________________________ ____________________________________________ ____________________________________________
The Czar could also dismiss the Duma and call new elections.

5. World War One’s Influence
World War One (1914) intensified the problems in Russia under the Czar.
From food shortages and strikes were common in Russia. The Czar could not do anything to calm the growing conflict within the country while trying to defend it from an outside attack.
Not to mention: _______________________________________ _______________________________________ _______________________________________

6. Due to the bad military planning and lack of resources, the Russian Army faced massive losses during the early stages of the First World War.
The population in Russia was growing in their opposition to the Monarch.
They were unhappy with ______________________________________ ______________________________________ ______________________________________

7. Vladimir Ilich Ulyanov
April – January
Adopted the name “Lenin” after his Siberian exile in 1901
Became leader of the Bolsheviks, and later, led the Bolsheviks to what became knows as the October Revolution. Nearly 3 years of civil war later, Lenin and the Bolsheviks assumed power of the entire country.
Lenin used Karl Marx’s ______________________________ ______________________________ ______________________________ ______________________________

8. Lenin’s Additions To Marxism
Adapted Marx’s ideas to conditions in Russia.
Views referred to “_______________________”
Marx
revolution could only occur in a capitalist and industrialized country
Lenin
organized a dedicated group of professional revolutionaries (who sought support from peasants and workers) to overthrow Russian autocratic government.

9. October Revolution
In the October Revolution, the ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________establishing the Cheka to ruthlessly quash dissent.

10. Reasons for Revolution:
Lenin and the Bolsheviks believed the only way to overthrow the government and promote further development of liberalism in Russia was with violence.
Lenin used the struggling low-income ______________________________________________ ______________________________________________ ______________________________________________
He used the slogan “___________________” to gather all those who had been mistreated in order to gain support for the Bolshevik party.

11. Lenin’s Politics

12. Civil War
The first five years of Lenin’s control of Russia were difficult as there was a civil war.
The war was waged between the ________________________________________________ ________________________________________________
Lenin was forced to implement policies of semi-democracy we will examine.
By 1922, the war was _____________________________________________
By 1924, Russia was renamed _____________________________________________

13. Values, Assumptions, and Myths
Communists claimed that the new country was a democracy.
Set up govt. that on paper was democratic
Govt. based on a __________________________
CPSU refers to itself as democratic because it rules in the interest of the majority.
Real power was with the CPSU.
Maintained a monopoly of power by controlling
Access to positions of leadership
Content of communication
Direction of the economy
Culture and education

14. Structure of Soviet Government
i. Communist party members held all important positions in the Soviet gov’t
a. Meant the party controlled the gov’t
ii. Initially, the Soviet Union was ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
iii. This proved unworkable, because they couldn’t agree on anything so Lenin introduced the principle of democratic centralism.
21 November 2018
SS 30 Political Systems - Structure of Soviet Government

15. Structure of Soviet Government
iv. Democratic Centralism: ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
v. The USSR then became a dictatorship with power firmly in the hands of a tiny elite, the politburo.
vi. The soviets gradually became the communist party and its role changed.
21 November 2018
SS 30 Political Systems - Structure of Soviet Government

16. Structure of Soviet Government
vii. No longer was it a vehicle for ______________________________________________________________________________________
viii. Its main job was to disseminate (spread) information to the citizens and to make sure they complied.
21 November 2018
SS 30 Political Systems - Structure of Soviet Government

17. Authoritarian Essence
The CP was the only legal political party
This was justified by
Only one class (proletariat); therefore only one party needed.
Party was the “vanguard of the proletariat” and protector of communism.
Lenin also believed that _____________________________________ _____________________________________

18. Large Secret Police Force
Cheka (1917) : Lenin
NKVD (1934) : Stalin
People’s Commissarat of Internal Affairs
KGB (1954)
Committee for State Security

19. War Communism Economic System between 1918 and 1921
Introduced by Lenin in hopes to fight ________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________
Integrated “emergency measures” and “socialist dogma” *A dogma is a settled or established opinion, belief, or principle*
It was abandoned because it led to strikes, demonstrations, riots, and created social distress, all in all, it failed miserably

20. New Economic Policy
Lenin’s Policies
This was a policy designed to ____________________________________________ ____________________________________________
Re-introduced some limited ____________________________________________ ____________________________________________ ____________________________________________
Obviously this is a step away from “pure” communism, but Lenin only intended to be a temporary policy

21. Lenin saw that the only way the _____________________________________ _____________________________________ _____________________________________
Within a few months, it had incredible success
The famine was _____________________________________ _____________________________________
The state retained control of banking, large industry, transportation and trade.