1. CMBR Kinematic Dipole Anisotropy (~300 km/s velocity toward Leo); map of the temperature fluctuation relative to the MEAN (black body with T=2.728 Kelvin)
COBE 1989
Don’t know where we are in the universe but we know how fast we’re going! CMBR is the COSMIC RESTFRAME

2. Kinematic Dipole Anisotropy from COBE
After removal of kinematic dipole anisotropy

3. COBE map after removal of kinematic dipole anisotropy and the Galaxy; fluctuations relative to smooth black body are of order +/- 35 microKelvin
Smallest scale of fluctuations is 7 degrees (not in causal contact; “super-horizon sized”)

5. WMAP 3-year result
Red line is best model fit from which total mass density, total mass in “baryons” vs. dark matter, cosmological constant / “dark energy”, and Hubble’s constant can be determined.

9. ---------------------
t0 = / Gyr
zdec = /- 1
zeq = /- 150
H0 = 72 +/- 3 km/s/Mpc
Wb,0 = /
Wcdm,0 = /
WL0 = /
Wm0 = Wb,0 + Wcdm,0 = 0.26
Wm0 + WL0 = 1 (!!)

10. Planck = higher sensitivity and higher angular resolution than WMAP
Planck map (2013)

12. --------------------- Wm0 = Wb,0 + Wcdm,0 = 0.315 +/- 0.007
t0 = / Gyr
zdec = /- 0.6
zeq = /- 66
H0 = 67 +/- 1 km/s/Mpc
Wb,0 = /
Wcdm,0 = /
WL0 = /- 0.02
Wm0 = Wb,0 + Wcdm,0 = /
Wm0 + WL0 = 1 (!!)
Ade et al. 2013
All values are ok within 2-sigma but not necessarily within 1-sigma. H0 came down, Lambda came down, and Omega matter went up; changes distances to objects at z=1 by 4% (makes them closer because of lower Lambda and lower H0)