1. REVIEW Nutrition & Transport

2. 1. Explain what a food label tells you.
The nutritional facts found in processed foods.

3. 2. Identify the following information for the food to the left.
Serving size
2 crackers
b. Total carbohydrates
10g
c. Calories 60
d. Protein 2g
3. How many calories would you consume if you ate 2 servings of these crackers?
60 x 2 = 120 calories

4. oral cavity stomach gall bladder pancreas large intestine
4. Identify each structure labeled in the diagram.
oral cavity
stomach
gall bladder
pancreas
large intestine
small intestine
rectum

5. 5. Where does protein digestion begin?
stomach
6. What is the function of F?
Absorb water
7. Where are nutrients absorbed into the blood?
Villi of small intestine
8. What does C produce? Where does it go?
Pancreatic juice (enzymes), moves into SI
9. What is the function of G?
Stores bile
10 Chemical digestion is completed in this structure.
D – small intestine
11. What type of digestion occurs in A?
Mechanical (teeth), chemical (enzyme in saliva)

6. 12. What is the name of this process? What is its function?
Peristalsis, push food through digestive system
13. Where in the digestive tract does this process occur?
Esophagus, stomach, SI, LI

7. 14. What is structure F? What is the function of this substance?
Liver, produces bile which emulsifies fat
15. Identify structure B. What kind of digestion occurs here?
Stomach, mechanical and chemical digestion
16. What is the function of structure A?
Pushes food into stomach by peristalsis

8. 17. Through which of these structures does food pass through?
Esophagus (A), stomach (B), small intestine (D)
18. Which organs are not part of the digestive tract? How do they aid in digestion?
Liver (F) – produce bile which emulsifies fat
Gall Bladder (E) – stores bile
Pancreas (c) – produces pancreatic juice which contains many enzymes

9. 19. Describe the role of the small intestine in digestion.
Where most chemical digestion occurs
Where chemical digestion is completed
Lined will VILLI which absorb nutrients into the blood.

10. 20. Identify the labeled organs.
A – salivary glands
B - Esophagus
C – Stomach
D – Pancreas
E - Large intestine
F - Appendix
G - Small intestine
H – Gall bladder
I - Liver

11. 21. Through what organs does food pass? (in order)
mouth
Esophagus
Stomach
Small intestine
Large intestine
Rectum
Anus

12. 22. Where excess water absorbed?
Large intestine (E)
23. What occurs in structure G?
Absorption of nutrients by villi
24. What does I produce? Where does it go?
Bile  stored in gall bladder  sent to SI
25. Produces saliva which contains an enzyme that is sent to the mouth.
Salivary Glands (A)
26. This is where chemical digestion ends.
Small intestine (G)

13. 27. Identify organs where there is no digestion occurring.
Esophagus
Liver
Salivary glands
Pancreas
Gall bladder

14. 28. Explain the difference between mechanical and chemical digestion.
Mechanical is a physical breakdown, while chemical digestion breaks down complex molecules into more simple molecules using enzymes.

15. 29. Where does mechanical digestion begin? How?
Mouth – teeth grind up food
30. Where does chemical digestion begin? How?
Mouth – ptyalin in saliva starts to chemically break down starches into sugar
31. Where does chemical digestion end?
Duodenum (small intestine)
32. Where does most chemical digestion occur?
33. Where and how are nutrients absorbed once food has been completely broken down.
They are absorbed in the villi of the small intestine by diffusion.

16. 34. Identify the digestive organ described.
a. Where the digestion of protein begins.
stomach
b. Where mechanical digestion begins.
mouth
c. Site of water absorption.
Large intestine
d. All chemical digestion is completed here.
Duodenum (SI)
e. Where the breakdown of starch begins.
f. Where bile is stored.
Gall bladder
g. Releases many enzymes into the SI.
Pancreas
h. Pushes food into the stomach.
esophagus
i. Where the absorption of nutrients occurs.
Small intestine
j. Lining is protected by a mucus layer.

17. 37. The main function of the human digestive system is to (1) break down foods for absorption into the blood (2) exchange oxygen and carbon dioxide in the lungs (3) release energy from sugars within the cells (4) carry nutrients to all parts of the body 1
38. Nutrients from digested food enter the blood stream through the process of (1) absorption (3) respiration (2) elimination (4) secretion 1

18. 39. Which part of the human blood:
Carries oxygen?
Red blood cells
b. Protects the body?
White blood cells
c. Controls blood clotting?
Platelets
d. consists mainly of water?
plasma
e. Contains hemoglobin?

19. 40. Identify structures X, Y, and Z.
X – white blood cells
Y – red blood cells
Z - platelet

20. 41. Explain the difference between arteries and veins.
Arteries carry blood AWAY from heart. Veins carry blood to the heart.
Arteries are larger, more muscular and elastic than veins.
Arteries carry blood under higher pressure than veins.
Veins have valves to prevent the backflow of blood. Arteries do not have valves.

21. 42. Explain what occurs in capillaries and why.
The exchange or diffusion of substances into or out of the capillary.
Capillaries are extremely small and have a VERY thin lining that allows for diffusion to occur.

22. 43.The diagram represents a capillary near some cells.
glucose O2
CO2 O2
glucose
glucose O2
CO2
43.The diagram represents a capillary near some cells.
a. Identify the substances diffusing out of the capillary and into cells.
b. Identify the substances diffusing out of cells into the capillary.
CO2 O2
glucose 22

23. B – Left atrium D – left ventricle E – right ventricle
44. Identify the structures below. Do not label structures A and C.
B – Left atrium
D – left ventricle
E – right ventricle
F – right atrium
G – upper vena cava
H - aorta

24. 45. When blood passes through the heart from the left atrium (D) to the left ventricle (E), it must first pass through a
valve

25. Arteries Capillaries Veins 46. Describe the function of plasma.
Transports materials (blood cells, hormones, wastes…)
47. Describe the function and shape of red blood cells.
Disc shaped, no nucleus, carries oxygen & carbon dioxide
48. Identify the blood vessels below:
Arteries
Capillaries
Veins

26. 49. Identify the blood vessel described.
a. Carry blood towards the heart.
veins
b. Thickest blood vessel.
arteries
c. Where the diffusion of substances occurs.
capillaries
d. Contain valves.
Veins
e. Blood vessel used when measuring pulse rate.
f. Thinnest blood vessel
g. Blood flows through with a lot of pressure.
h. Very elastic.

27. 50. Explain the function of the circulatory system.
Transport materials through the body
51. Describe the four chambers of the heart.
right atrium & right ventricle – pump deoxygenated blood from cells to lungs
Left atrium & left ventricle – pump oxygenated blood from lungs to cells
52. Explain the importance of valves in the heart.
Prevent blood from moving backwards
53. Why is the septum so important?
Prevents blood in right and left sides from mixing
54. Where is deoxygenated blood pumped to?
The lungs
55. Where is oxygenated blood pumped to?
To body cells
56. Identify the largest artery in the body. Where does it pump blood to? Oxygenated or deoxygenated?
Aorta, to all body cells, oxygenated

28. 57.Identify the part of the heart being described.
a. Chamber that receives oxygenated blood.
Left atrium
b. Wall that separates the right and left side of the heart.
septum
c. Chamber that pumps out deoxygenated blood.
Right ventricle
d. Chamber that receives deoxygenated blood.
Right atrium
e. Prevents the backflow of blood between atria and ventricles.
valves
f. Chamber that pulps out oxygenated blood.
Left ventricles

29. Label: 1,4,10,7,8 59. upper vena cava aorta Left ventricle
Right ventricle
Lower vena cava

30. 60. Salivary gland mouth epiglottis esophagus liver Gall bladder
stomach
duodenum
pancreas
Large intestine
Small intestine
appendix
rectum