1. States of Consciousness

2. Bellringer: TRUE OR FALSE
When people dream of performing some activity, their limbs often move in concert with the dream.
Older adults need more sleep than young adults.
Sleepwalkers are acting our their dreams.
Sleep experts recommend treating insomnia with an occasional sleeping pill.
Some people dream every night; others seldom dream.

3. Agenda 1. Unit outline and Review (10)
2. States of Consciousness Lecture (20)
3. Penny for your thoughts activity and signup. (10)
4. Handout 7-5 (10) Discussion (5)
5. 60 minutes Episode Narcolepsy (10)
6. Crash Course Sleep and Dreams
7. Dream Journal Experiment(10)

4. Our awareness of ourselves and our environment.
Consciousness
Our awareness of ourselves and our environment.

5. Types of Processing during Consciousness:
1. Automatic processing: involves initiating activities and carrying them out without much effort

6. Controlled processing: initiating an activity and making a conscious effort to direct our behavior Many activities are a combo of automatic and controlled processing.

7. States of Consciousness
1. Preconscious – outside of awareness but contains feelings and memories that can easily be brought to conscious awareness
2. Unconscious or subconscious - includes unacceptable feelings or thoughts not directly available to conscious awareness

8. 3. Nonconscious - processes are completely inaccessible to conscious

9. Biological Rhythms and Sleep
Circadian Rhythms occur on a 24 hour cycle and include sleep and wakefulness.
Termed our “biological clock” it can be altered by artificial light.

10. Light triggers the suprachiasmatic nucleus to decrease (morning) melatonin from the pineal gland and increase (evening) it at nightfall.

11. Sleep
Periodic, natural, reversible loss of consciousness.

12. Sleep Stages 5 distinct sleep stages– Stages 1 thru 4 and REM
Every 90 to 100 minutes we pass through a cycle.

13. 1952 – Eugene Aserinsky used EEG to study sleep

14. Awake Aroused State
When we are awake and moving, our brain emits beta waves which are 15 to 40 cycles per second.

15. Awake but Relaxed State
When one closes his eyes but remains awake, the brain activity slows down to a large amplitude and slow, regular alpha waves of 9 to 14 cycles per second.
A meditating person exhibits an alpha brain activity.

16. Stage 1 Relaxed wakefulness that lasts up to 5 minutes
Often in a hypnagogic state (dreamlike awareness)
Often experience hallucinations or sensations of falling; body jerks unexpectedly
Can carry a conversation but you can’t remember it the next day
Exhibit alpha waves

17. Stage 2
More deeply relaxed and starting to emit theta waves of 5 to 8 cps.
First one lasts about 20 minutes
Sleep spindles or bursts of brain activity occur
You are clearly asleep.
50% of your sleep occurs in this stage

19. Stage 3 Transition stage
First one is 30 minutes (stages 3 &4 together) in length
First emission of delta waves (1.5-4 cps)
Temperature decreases and pulse/breathing rate slows

20. Stage 4
Deepest sleep stage
Delta waves; brain activity is very slow

21. Stage 4
Other things that occur during this stage: sleep walking, teeth grinding, bed wetting, night terrors

22. Stage 5 REM Sleep Stands for Rapid Eye Movement
Recurring sleep stage during which vivid dreams/nightmares commonly occur.
AKA Paradoxical sleep – internally aroused but externally calm
Occurs about 90 minutes after falling asleep
about 5 per night – first lasts about minutes then gets longer

23. The brain engages in low-amplitude, fast and regular beta waves (15-40 cps) much like awake-aroused state.

24. Sleep Cycle
A cycle lasts 90 minutes and you have about cycles a typical night.
After reaching the deepest sleep stage (4), the sleep cycle starts moving backwards.
1,2,3,4,3,2,REM, 2,3,4,3,2,REM,2,3,2, REM
With each 90 minute cycle, stage 4 sleep decreases and the duration of REM sleep increases. REM replaces stage 1.

25. Sleep Cycle

28. Non-REM sleep
Any periods that do not contain rapid eye movement.

29. Sleep amounts We spend one-third of our lives sleeping.
Infants sleep 16 hours a day which half of the time is in REM sleep.
Young adults sleep 7-8 hours with only about 20% REM sleep.
Elderly adults sleep about 6 hours with 15% REM.

31. Why do we sleep?
If an individual remains awake for several days, immune function and concentration deteriorates and the risk of accidents increases.

32. Sleep Deprivation Body builds up sleep debt for up to 2 weeks
Effects: make more mistakes due to impaired concentration, not as productive, emotional irritability, weakened immune system, greater vulnerability, death

33. Shift workers – age faster, die younger
Daylight savings spring forward – more accidents occur

34. Sleep Theories 1) Sleep protects.
2) Sleep helps us recover, restore, and repair brain and body tissue.
3) Sleep helps us remember because it provides our brains with time to restore or rebuild fading memories.
4) Sleep provides the body with time to grow because the pituitary gland releases the growth hormone while you are sleeping. Older people release less of this hormone and sleep less.

35. Sleep Disorders

36. Sleep disorders for children
Night terrors – sudden arousal from sleep with intense fear accompanied by physiological reactions
Sleep walking is usually harmless
Sleep talking can run in families.
All occur during Stage 4
Occurs due to disruption in sleep or life routine or illness.
Rarely remember it the next day
Typically outgrow them

37. Narcolepsy
Periodic, overwhelming sleepiness at ANY time for a short period of time
1 in 2000 people has it
Cures:
- found to be a brain disease – body does not produce neurotransmitter hypocretin
1. Trying to make a drug that mimics hypocretin

39. Insomnia Persistent problems in falling or staying asleep
10-15% of the adult population
Cures:
1. Sleeping pills and alcohol – not a wise choice
2. Avoid caffeine, no naps, exercise

41. Sleep apnea
Stop breathing during sleep for few seconds or more – happens up to 400 times a night
1 in 20 people – often affects overweight people over Key symptom is snoring
Connected with SIDS
Cure:
Hard to treat –need to lose weight
Sleep on side & use oxygen mask

43. Closure
On a scrap sheet of paper tell me one thing you learned about today?
What is one way you think you could get more sleep?

44. REVIEW 1. What is the Circadian Rhythm?
2. In what stage are you in a hypnagogic state?
3. Which stage of sleep is the transition stage?
4. In what stage of sleep are you asleep and starting to emit theta waves and sleep spindles.
5. In which stage do we get vivid dreams?
6. What is the deepest stage of sleep emitting delta waves.