1. Circumstances in Mongolia
Oyuntugs Bayaraa
Graduate Student
University of Arkansas

2. Population
3,068,243: Mongolia is one of the least densely populated countries in the world, 2 people per km (2018)

3. Population - Structure
Age structure*:
0-14 years: 26.95% (M= 421,675; F= 405,298)
15-24 years: 16.09% (M= 249,805; F= 243,784)
25-54 years: 45.6% (M= 677,679; F= 721,435)
55-64 years: 7.07% (M= 99,099; F= 117,818)
65 years and over: 4.29% (M= 53,364; F= 78,286)
*2017 est.

4. Population - Disability
≈ 115,000 people are living with disabilities
from Asia Pacific Development Center on Disability*
Prevalence estimated ≈ 4% on 2010 census is probably underestimated.*
*Source: Country Profile Mongolia.

5. Population - Globally World population disability prevalence ≈ 15%*
2-4% experience significant difficulties in functioning.
Prevalence in Mongolia & globally has increased from previous WHO estimates.
Ex: 1970’s estimate ≈ 10%.
*World Health Organization, first global report, 2011.

6. Legal Environment (LE)

7. LE: Commitments to Regional and International Instruments
Date
Description
First became member of International Labor Organization
Ratified Convention 159
Became a signatory to the Proclamation on the Full Participation and Equality of People with Disabilities in the Asian and Pacific Region

8. LE: Commitments (2)
Date
Description
2009
Ratified the United Nations Convention of the Rights of the Persons with Disabilities
2014
Ratified Incheon Strategy
2015
Signed into the Marrakesh Treaty*
*The translation was executed by the presenter on behalf of the Mongolian National Federation of the Blind and edited by the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Mongolia.

9. LE: National Disability Legislation
Date
Description
1992
The constitution
1996
The Labor Law was introduced
1998 – 2004
National Programme on “Improvement of the Situation of Persons with Disabilities” was adopted & implement.
This is a key Government of Mongolia document concerning implementation of International Convention 159 on Vocational Rehabilitation and Employment.

10. LE: National Disability Legislation (2)
Date
Description
1999
The Labor Law amended
Law of Mongolia on Vocational Education and Training was discussed and approved by the Government

11. LE: Main Objectives improve the quality of life of PWDs
build an environment to increase participation and integration of PWDs into society
strengthen the material basis of the institutions for training
financially support SWD
create economic mechanism to provide work placements for PWDs
promote persons with disabilities led businesses and the sale of products manufactured by PWDs

12. LE: Laws of Human Rights of the PWDs of Mongolia
: Adopted
Transition from welfare system to human right-based approach

13. LE: Copyright Law
Only one article states that recreating an intellectual property for the rights of the PWDs is not deemed as violation of copyright law.
Example: Re-creating one children’s book in Braille & large print along with pictures while employed at Mongolian National Federation of the Blind.

14. Education The 4th chapter of the law on the rights of people with
disabilities are about providing to people with disabilities with
equal opportunities for education and choice of occupation as for
ordinary people moreover, the law proclaims on preparing qualified
human resources to educate people with disabilities.

15. Education 20,748* out of total is youth and traditional school age
15.7% of 20,748 children and younger PWDs are told that they frequent the educational settings somehow (2008).
Remaining 84.3% are still unable to exercise their right to education on equal basis.
Adults of non-traditional age who want to pursue academic career is not specified
* Source: Country Profile Mongolia

16. Vocational Training and Employment
1998: First national program to support vocational training and employment was adopted.
2018: Latest extension was approved.
Article 5 on the rights of PWDs includes a provision on labor and government support to the employers of PWDs and fair procedure of hiring a new employee.

17. Vocational Training and Employment (2)
Workplace quotas:
In 3% of all jobs (business with >50 employees), less than 20% PWDs have a job even though employment quotas have been established.*
The State Social Welfare Office estimates that ≈ 80% of PWD live below the poverty line.
*Source: Erdenebat, Oyundari.

18. Issues
The government is noticeably lacking a mechanism to implement its legislations and policies.
Immature legal environment requires realistic implementation procedures and mechanisms to meet the real needs of the target population.
The national program and the legislations are addressing the issues of opening work places without giving more emphasis on repairing the potential of employees with disabilities.

19. Issues (2)
Comprehensive vocational rehabilitation mechanism must be launched.
Educational accessibility services (e.g. reasonable accommodations) are required to be implemented and established through professional center to all levels of education including high schools vocational training centers and universities.

20. Recommendations & Personal Goals
Introduce
Introduce the CRC Code of Ethics into the field of rehabilitation.
Launch
Launch the program of rehabilitant counseling curriculum;
Advocate
Immediately advocate for launching individualized & comprehensive vocational rehabilitation case management system using the existing work force and experiences;
Expand
Expand DRC to cover high schools, vocational colleges
Establish
Establish a disability resources center for post-secondary education access in Mongolia;

21. References
Country profile Mongolia. Retrieved from (n.d) Erdenebat, Oyundari. (2016, May 9). People with disabilities: How much support does Mongolia really give them? UB Post how-much-support-does-mongolia-really-give-them Handsuren, Oyuntugs. (2015, June 30). One world One line. outu.be Questionnaire on disability inclusive policies. RI (n.d)