1. Identify
“Temperance”

2. The “Stormy Sixties”
Chapter 38

3. John F. Kennedy (JFK) Elected in 1960 Youngest president elected
Young cabinet: RFK (Attorney General)

4. JFK and the new frontier
Reduce unemployment
Reduce inflation
Keep wages high
Inspired patriotism

5. The New frontier
Southern Democrats and Republicans hated it
Regulation of business (steel)
Cut taxes

6. The New frontier (literally)
Apollo programs

7. JFK and the Peace Corps
Youthful volunteers
Help other parts of the world

8. In Europe…

9. : Berlin Wall
Built by Soviets, separated East and West Berlin

10. West Europe: Prospering
Marshall Plan: economic aid
European Economic Community (Common Market): boosted trade
Kennedy: Trade Expansion Act 1962, 50% tariff reduction for Common Market countries

11. Foreign Policy

12. “Flexible Response” Defense Secretary: Robert McNamara
America would use military options around the world that matched the crisis at hand
Increased spending on Special Forces

13. “flexible Response” results
More force
Vietnam

14. Modernization Theory
Idea that traditional societies in Asia, Africa, and Latin America could develop into prosperous, democratic societies by following Americas lead.

15. Vietnam

16. Vietnam

17. Vietnam North Vietnam: Communist South Vietnam: Democratic
1950s and 60s: North Vietnam starts to invade South Vietnam

18. 1961
Kennedy sent “military advisors” to aid the South with resistance to the North (President Diem)
1963: American aid was being embezzled by Diem, supported a coup that assassinated Diem

19. Latin America

20. 1961: Alliance for Progress
Marshall Plan for Latin America
Supposed to close gap b/w rich and poor so as not to encourage communism
Disappointing results

21. Cuba

22. Bay of Pigs

23. Fidel Castro
1959
Ties to USSR

24. CIA Operation
Trained group of Cubans and Americans to land in Cuba, overthrow Castro
Operation started under Eisenhower, unsure about how much Kennedy knew

25. Bay of Pigs Land at Bay of Pigs Kennedy did not come through with aid
Operation failed
Fiasco

26. Results America/Kennedy looks dumb
Cuba/USSR’s relationship strengthened

27. Cuban missile crisis
1962: discovered that the Soviets were installing nuclear missiles in Cuba
Kennedy ordered removal of missiles
1 week later, USSR said okay

28. 1963
Kennedy gave a speech urging America to abandon negative views of the Soviet Union
“peaceful coexistence”

29. Civil Rights

30. JFK JFK promised to pass civil rights legislation Got black vote
After elected, didn’t want to alienate southern government

31. 1960
Freedom Riders

35. Federal Aid

37. March on Washington

42. November 22, 1963 Kennedy assassinated

43. Lee harvey oswald
(allegedly)

44. Jack Ruby /

45. What did Kennedy actually do?
Peace Corps
“Ask not what your country can do for you…”
Bay of Pigs
Cuban Missile Crisis
More troops to Vietnam

46. Lyndon Johnson

47. Civil Rights Act of 1964
Banned racial discrimination in private facilities open to the public

48. Federal equal employment opportunity commission (EEOC)
Eliminated discrimination in hiring

49. Affirmative action
Against discrimination

50. Great Society
New Dealish
War on Poverty
Economic and welfare measures

51. Gulf of Tonkin resolution
Let President use unrestricted force in Southeast Asia

52. Great Society congress

53. 4 Achievements 1. aid to education
2. medical care for the elderly and poor (Medicare and Medicaid)
3. immigration reform (Immigration and Nationality Act, abolished quotas)
4. new voting rights bill

54. More Civil Rights

55. Civil Rights Act of 1964
Gave federal gov’t more power to prohibit segregation

56. 24th Amendment (1964)
Abolished poll tax in federal elections

57. Voting Rights Act of 1965
Prohibited disenfranchisement through poll taxes, literacy tests, etc

58. Black Power
Malcolm X
Nation of Islam
Militant