2. WWBAT: Complete a group activity making decisions about what is most important to complete a successful conquest

3. Keys to Success
I also want you to keep the two following questions in mind while we discuss the Mongols
In what ways would each of the above have promoted, or hindered, the success of Mongols as conquerors?
Which of the above do they consider to have been most important in the creation of the Mongol empire? Why?

4. Mongol Intro Bellwork
What are three things you think of when you heard the word “Mongol(s)”
Opinion
What are at least three important characteristics that define an empire?

5. Objective
WWBAT: Introduce and begin gathering information on the Mongol people and the origins of the Mongol empire

6. Interactive Notebook Setup
1/13/2016
Tang and Song Dynasty Chart
This will be one page

7. Keys to Success
While discussing the Mongols we will be looking at how the following helped lead to creation of their empire:
characteristics of the people
nature of the leadership
details of social organization
features of the environment
nature of the technology
features of the ideology

8. Mongol Achievements
Built the largest continuous land empire in history
Conquered China and established the Yuan Dynasty
SCARED LITERALLY EVERYONE!

9. Nomadic pastoral people from the Asian steppe
Who were the Mongols?
Nomadic pastoral people from the Asian steppe

11. Some Background
Nomadic herders populated the steppes of Asia for centuries
From a climate similar to the prairie in the American Midwest
The Mongols were arguably the best horsemen in the world

12. Some Background The Mongols were headed by a single leader or khan
Khans had to ask that their decisions be ratified by a council of the leaders of powerful families
The Mongols nomadic ways brought them in contact with almost every major religion of the time and a policy of religious freedom was common
Mongol khans were thought to represent the Sky God, who transcended all cultures and religions; khans were thus conceived of as universal rulers who both transcended and used the various religions of their subjects

13. Some Background
Chinggis Khan unified Mongol tribes through Alliance & conquests
Name means either “Universal Ruler” or “Supreme Ruler”
Organized new military units & broke up tribal affiliations
Beginning around 1206 Chinggis began an effort to take control of large portions of the Northern China
These would lead to one of the greatest conquests in world history

14. What title was given to the leader of the Mongol Empire? Kahn
Mongols Bellwork
What title was given to the leader of the Mongol Empire?
Kahn
The Mongols were arguably the best ____________ in the World
Horseback riders

15. Objective WWBAT: Discuss aspects of the Mongol military and economy
WWBAT: Continue gathering information on the Mongol Empire

16. The Mongol Military Displayed incredible discipline and loyalty
People that deserted their unit in battle = put to death
Unit leaders fought alongside their soldiers
ALL Mongols benefited from the wealth that flowed into the Mongol Empire from conquered civilizations

17. The Mongol Military
Conquered people were incorporated into the military
Nomads = put into the cavalry
Settled peoples = infantry and artillery forces
Other conquered people served as laborers  built roads and bridges, carried supplies, etc.
Artisans and craftsmen = typically spared from massacre, enslaved, and put to work

18. The Mongol Military Sometimes brutal and ruthless military tactics
All who resisted Mongol rule = slaughtered along with their wives, children, and dependents
Cities destroyed
Their brutality worked as psychological warfare also  many of those that heard about the Mongols were afraid and voluntarily surrendered

19. Economy/Trade Mongols did not make or trade anything themselves
But they did promote international commerce by maintaining secure trade networks
Done so that they could tax goods and extract wealth from larger civilizations
Result = brought the two ends of the Eurasian world (Europe and China) into closer contact than ever before
Result = start of a truly international economy

20. Economy/Trade
The Mongols provided financial backing for caravans, introduced standardized weights and measures, and gave tax breaks to merchants
The Mongols provided a relatively secure environment for merchants making the long and arduous journey across Central Asia between Europe and China
The Mongols launched a new phase in the history of the Silk Roads

21. Economy/Trade Allowed merchants free use of their relay stations
Often offered merchants 10% more than their asking price