1. Correctional Ministry Matters
A ONE-DAY CHRIST-CENTERED AND PROFESSIONAL CONFERENCE
February 24, 2018
Aliso Viejo, CA
REENTRY 101
Mass Incarceration

2. REENTRY 101 Mass Incarceration
According to the Federal Bureau of Justice Statistics, in 1980, people incarcerated in U.S federal and state prisons and jails numbered 501,886. By 2006, that number reached 2,336,871- that’s nearly a five-fold increase in just one generation.

3. REENTRY 101 Mass Incarceration
For the first time in history there are 1/100 adults incarcerated in this country.
The American prison system holds about 2.3 million adults, more than any other country in the world.
China was second, with 1.5 million people, and Russia was a distant third with 890,000 inmates.

4. International Rates of Incarcerations, 2010
REENTRY 101
International Rates of Incarcerations, 2010

5. REENTRY 101 Mass Incarceration
Race This phenomena is particularly problematic for the black and brown communities. The national incarceration rate for whites is 412 per 100,000 residents, compared to 2,290 for African Americans, and 742 for Hispanics.” Approximately 12%-13% of the American population is African-American, but they make up 40% of the prison population Hispanics are the fastest growing group being imprisoned, increasing from 10.9% of all State and Federal inmates in 1985 to 15.6% in 2001

6. REENTRY 101
Mass Incarceration
While one in 30 men between the ages of 20 and 34 is behind bars for black males in that age group the figure is one in nine.
Black women in their thirties have hit the 1/100 mark.

7. REENTRY 101
Mass Incarceration
The War on Drugs has created an explosion in the prison population.
Mass Incarceration of black and brown people – over-policing.
We have become what some scholars are calling a Prison Nation, Incarceration Nation, Prison Industrial Complex.

8. REENTRY 101 Who Is Coming Home?
95% of inmates will be released at some time.
Annually well over 700,000
Nationally, more than half of released offenders are back in prison within three years
State spending for corrections reached $52.4 billion in fiscal 2012 and has been higher than 7.0 percent of overall general fund expenditures
every year since fiscal 2008.
California’s prison budget is $11.3 billion

9. REENTRY 101 Who Is Coming Home? Family Background
50% were raised by a single parent, usually the mother
15% were raised by neither parent but were raised by another relative, in a foster home, or in an institution
25% were raised by a parent or guardian who was a substance abuser

10. REENTRY 101 Who Is Coming Home? Family Background
15% of males and 55% of females in prison were physically or sexually abused as children, and the numbers are even higher for those raised in foster homes or institutions—44% of men and 87% of women
95% of the men had no loving father figure

11. REENTRY 101 Who Is Coming Home? Educational Achievement
25-50% have symptoms of a learning disability
On average their IQ score is 14 points below the national average, and about 15% score low enough on IQ test to be identified as cognitively impaired

12. REENTRY 101 Who Is Coming Home? Substance Abuse History
Alcohol and/or other drugs are implicated in the offenses of about 80% of people in prison
Drug offenses account for approximately 60% of people in prison
60 – 80% have used drugs at some point in their lives
70 – 85% of those in prison
need some level of drug
treatment, but only 13%
receive treatment

13. REENTRY 101 Who Is Coming Home? Mental Health
About 10% of prison and jail inmates reported a mental or emotional condition; and 10% said they had stayed overnight in a mental hospital or program.
Together, 16% or an estimated 283,800 inmates reported either a mental
condition or an overnight
stay in a mental hospital,
and were identified as
mentally ill.

14. REENTRY 101 Who Is Coming Home? Mental Health
Over 1 in 3 State prisoners, 1 in 4 Federal prisoners, and 1 in 6 jail inmates who had a mental health problem received treatment since admission.
ADHD, schizophrenia/psychosis, major depression, bipolar disorder, and post-traumatic stress disorder are more common among prisoners than the general population.

15. REENTRY 101 Who Is Coming Home? Physical Health
Rate of confirmed AIDS cases among people in prison was five times the rate found among the general population.
They were infected
with Hepatitis C, nine
to ten times the rate
of the general
population.

16. REENTRY 101 Who Is Coming Home? Effects of Prison
They have a prison mentality (Don’t talk. Don’t trust. Don’t feel)
Distrustful
Indecisive
Afraid of life beyond the walls
  They are out of touch
Out of touch with family
Out of touch with society in general
Out of touch with the requirements of today’s workplace

17. REENTRY 101 Many are a part of the “new urban poor” Inadequate school
Who Is Coming Home?
Many are a part of the “new urban poor”
Inadequate school
systems
Few positive male role
models
Few employment
opportunities

18. REENTRY 101
Who Is Coming Home?
People returning home from prison today face far greater challenges than ever before
They are going in to prison at younger ages
They are spending longer sentences in prison
The rapid advancement of technology

19. REENTRY 101 Evidence-Based Practices Criminogenic Factors
History of Antisocial Behavior
Criminal personality
Antisocial values, attitudes and beliefs
Antisocial associates
Lack of pro-social leisure activities
Substance Abuse
Employment/education
Dysfunctional family

20. REENTRY 101 Evidence-Based Practices Criminogenic Need
Programming Response
Dysfunctional Family: Low levels of affection, caring and cohesiveness, poor parental supervision and discipline practices, out right neglect and abuse
Marital skills
Parenting skills
Positive role models
Communication skills
Conflict resolution skills

21. REENTRY 101 Evidence-Based Practices Criminogenic Factor
Programming Response
History of Antisocial Behavior: Juvenile and adult criminal history
Develop non-criminal alternative behavior in risky situations.
Use spiritual/ethical principles to guide behavior.

22. REENTRY 101 Evidence-Based Practices Criminogenic Factor
Programming Response
Criminal Personality: Characterized by impulsive behavior, risk taking, weak problem-solving skills, poor socialization skills and psychopathy
Develop empathy and victim awareness
Love God, others, and self.
Develop healthy relational and personal skills (trust, boundaries, patience, compassion, joy, hope, kindness, goodness, etc.)
Problem solving skills
Anger management

23. REENTRY 101 Evidence-Based Practices Criminogenic Factor
Programming Response
Antisocial Values, Attitudes, and Beliefs: Thinking Errors
Replace thinking errors with ethical/spiritual values, attitudes and beliefs
Cognitive Behavioral Therapy
Develop responsibility and forgiveness

24. REENTRY 101 Evidence-Based Practices Criminogenic Factor
Programming Response
Antisocial Associates: Criminal Peers
Develop spiritual friendships, mentors/coaches, role models
Become a member of a congregation
Join other prosocial groups

25. REENTRY 101 Evidence-Based Practices Criminogenic Need
Programming Response
Lack of Pro-social Leisure Activities
Provide opportunities for fun leisure activities without substances
Coping with stress without substances

26. REENTRY 101 Evidence-Based Practices Criminogenic Need
Programming Response
Substance Abuse
Finding a good substance abuse treatment program
Address the root reasons for the addiction.
Healing from the past, meeting deepest needs of security and significance.
12-Step programs

27. REENTRY 101 Evidence-Based Practices Criminogenic Need
Programming Response
Employment/Education
Positive view of work, calling, work ethic
GED/Vocational Training
Soft skills training
Financial education

28. REENTRY 101 Faith-Based Engagement
350,000 houses of worship in America
230 different denominations
Approximately 100,000 urban churches
Want to work with returning citizens 
90% of urban churches provide social services

29. REENTRY 101 Faith-Based Engagement The Church
Half offer prison-related ministry
Half serve family of people in prison
45% provide aftercare or want to start
75% want to partner with outside agencies

30. Religious Congregations
REENTRY 101
Faith-Based Engagement
Religious Congregations
Create a sense of welcome and inclusion
Reduces the stigma and shame
Foster the transformation of hearts, minds & communities
Facilitate acceptance of responsibility for actions and behavior
Build a community of spiritual and social support