1. Identifying Threads, Sealing Methods
and
Industrial Fittings

2. Module Objectives
Explain the basic thread characteristics necessary to identify threads

3. Module Objectives
Explain the basic thread characteristics necessary to identify threads
Differentiate between and identify various types of threads used on industrial fittings

4. Module Objectives
Explain the basic thread characteristics necessary to identify threads
Differentiate between and identify various types of threads used on industrial fittings
Explain the various sealing methods used for the different fittings

5. Module Objectives
Explain the basic thread characteristics necessary to identify threads
Differentiate between and identify various types of threads used on industrial fittings
Explain the various sealing methods used for the different fittings
Identify different types of fittings being used in the industrial market place

6. Thread Characteristics

7. Thread Characteristics
Pitch
Thread pitch is the distance between a single thread

8. Thread Characteristics
Pitch:
Pitch is sometimes written as the number of threads within one inch distance
e.g. 8 threads per inch

9. Thread Characteristics
Flank Angle and Taper Angle:

10. Thread Characteristics
Crest and Root:
Root
Crest

11. Thread Characteristics
Major Diameter or OD:

12. Thread Style and Function

13. Thread Styles
Port End Threads:
Parallel
Parallel

14. Thread Functions Parallel Threads:
Parallel threads only serve the function of holding in the fitting
Sealing is achieved by some other means, such as with an O-ring

15. Thread Styles
Port End Threads:
Tapered
Tapered

16. Thread Function Tapered Threads: Tapered threads serve two functions:
For holding in the fitting
Sealing (even though sealing is usually assisted with additional sealant)

17. Thread ID Tools

18. Thread ID Tools MIK-1 kit Port Boards Known Threads
Markings and Tables

19. Thread ID Tools MIK-1 kit Caliper Thread gages Thread profiles
Instruction booklet
Nose angle indicator

20. Thread ID Tools MIK-1 kit Caliper
Used to measure outside and inside diameter in either inch or metric units

21. Thread ID Tools MIK-1 kit Thread gages
Used to compare thread form to determine pitch

22. Thread ID Tools MIK-1 kit Thread profiles
Used to shadow pipe threads for determining nominal size

23. Thread ID Tools MIK-1 kit Nose angle indicator
Used to determine whether nose angle or seat is 37° or 45°

24. Thread ID Tools MIK-1 kit Instruction booklet (4303-B1)
Contains specifications for various thread forms

25. Thread ID Tools Port Board
Used to determine male thread size based on comparison with known threads

26. Thread ID Tools Other Known Threads
Tube nuts or other components where threads can be used for comparison

27. Thread ID Tools Markings and Tables
In some cases, fittings are marked with a cross reference for threads
Tables can be used to identify threads based on given characteristics

28. Identifying Threads

29. Identifying Threads Steps for Identifying Thread Forms:
1a. Verify if parallel or tapered
Visual inspection

30. Identifying Threads Steps for Identifying Thread Forms:
1b. Verify if parallel or tapered
Compare with a known parallel

31. Identifying Threads Steps for Identifying Thread Forms:
2. Determine thread pitch
Use thread gages
Bad Fit
Good Fit

32. Identifying Threads Steps for Identifying Thread Forms:
3a. Determine size
Measure with caliper or compare with thread profile

33. Identifying Threads Steps for Identifying Thread Forms
3b. Determine Size
Compare with Profile

34. Identifying Threads Steps for Identifying Thread Forms:
4. Define thread
Threads are called out according to the type of thread
They usually follow a standard pattern and this is how they may appear on a print

35. Identifying Threads Steps for Identifying Thread Forms:
4. Define thread
NPT/NPTF - American Pipe Thread
Example: 1/4-18 NPT
1/4 = nominal size
18 = pitch (threads per inch)
NPT or NPTF usually specified or NPT/NPTF where it does not matter if it is either one

36. Identifying Threads Steps for Identifying Thread Forms:
4. Define thread
UN/UNF - Unified (SAE Straight Thread)
Example: 9/16-18 UNF
9/16 = actual size
18 = pitch (threads per inch)
UN or UNF usually specified or UN/UNF where it does not matter
UNF is usually used for thread pitch above 12 TPI

37. Identifying Threads Steps for Identifying Thread Forms:
4. Define thread
BSPT - British Standard Pipe, Tapered
Example: R3/8
R signifies tapered
3/8 = nominal size
The pitch is usually assumed based on known standard
Japanese taper thread would be written as PT 3/8

38. Identifying Threads Steps for Identifying Thread Forms:
4. Define thread
BSPP - British Standard Pipe, Parallel
Example: G3/4
G signifies parallel
3/4 = nominal size
The pitch is usually assumed based on known standard
Japanese parallel thread would be written as PF 3/8

39. Identifying Threads Steps for Identifying Thread Forms:
4. Define thread
Metric Parallel
Example: M22X1.5
M signifies metric
22 = actual size in mm
1.5 = pitch (distance between threads in mm)

40. Identifying Threads Steps for Identifying Thread Forms:
4. Define thread
Metric Tapered
Example: M10X1 keg (or tapered)
M signifies metric
10 = actual size in mm
1 = pitch (distance between threads in mm)
keg is the abbreviation for the German word meaning tapered and if the thread is tapered, it will be specified

41. Port End Sealing Methods

42. Port End Sealing Methods
Female Port
O-ring in chamfer
Available with
UN/UNF (SAE J1926)
Metric (ISO 6149)
BSPP (JIS B2351)

43. Port End Sealing Methods
O-ring in chamfer (Male end)
Most reliable form of sealing
Available in adjustable fittings
ISO 6149 has special identification

44. Port End Sealing Methods
Female Port
Spot face sealing
Available with
Metric (DIN )
BSPP (DIN )
Wide variety of interchangeable male ends

45. Port End Sealing Methods
O-ring in groove
DIN 3852 Type E
O-ring not round in cross section
Adjustable not possible
Second in pressure holding capacity

46. Port End Sealing Methods
O-ring w/ retaining ring
DIN 3852 Type G & H
Separate metal ring surrounding o-ring
Adjustable fittings are type H

47. Port End Sealing Methods
Bonded Seal
DIN 3852 Type D
Elastomer bonded to metal ring
Undercut on fitting has taper angle
Adjustable not possible

48. Port End Sealing Methods
Hard metal seal
DIN 3852
Typically used on Banjo fittings
Seals by coining surface of port
Limited reusability
Useful for extreme temperatures
Adjustable not possible

49. Port End Sealing Methods
Soft Metal Seal
DIN 3852 Type A
Seal material usually copper
Adjustable not possible
Undercut area has taper angle

50. Port End Sealing Methods
Cutting Face Seal
DIN 3852 Type B
Sharp edge on fitting coins spotface for sealing
Limited reusability
Adjustable not possible
Useful for extreme temperatures

51. Port End Sealing Methods
Female Port
Taper threads
Available with
NPT/NPTF (SAE 476)
BSPT (DIN )
Metric taper (DIN )
Sometimes female port has parallel threads
Tapered male into female parallel allowed

52. Port End Sealing Methods
Taper threads
Sealing initiated by thread interference
Additional sealant usually required
Prone to fatigue failure
Prone to galling

53. Tube/Hose End Sealing Methods

54. Tube End Identification
Tube/Hose Ends
O-ring face seal (flat face seal)
37° flare
45° flare
24° flareless
JIS 30° flare and 60° cone
BSI (BSPP) 60° cone
NPSM/NPT

55. Tube End Identification
Tube/Hose End
O-ring face seal
SAE J1453
ISO
UN/UNF Thread
Hose,Inch or metric tube

56. Tube End Identification
Tube/Hose End
37° flare
SAE J514
ISO
UN/UNF Thread
Hose, Inch or metric tube

57. Tube End Identification
Tube/Hose End
45° flare
SAE J512
UN/UNF Thread
Hose, Inch tube

58. Tube End Identification
Tube/Hose End
24° flareless
SAE J514
UN/UNF Thread
Hose, Inch Tube

59. Tube End Identification
Tube/Hose End
24° flareless
DIN 2353
ISO
Metric Thread
Hose, Metric Tube
3 pressure series

60. Tube End Identification
Hose End
JIS Cone
B8363
BSPP Thread
60° cone
Hose connection

61. Tube End Identification
Hose End
JIS Flare
B8363
BSPP Thread
30° flare
Hose connection

62. Tube End Identification
Hose End
Komatsu Flare
Metric Thread
1.5 mm pitch (all sizes)
30° flare
Hose connection

63. Tube End Identification
Hose/Port End
BSPP cone
BS B5200
BSPP thread
60° cone
Hose connection

64. Tube End Identification
Hose/Port End
NPTF/NPSM
SAE J516
NPT/NPTF male thread
NPSM female thread
30° chamfer or 60° cone
Hose connection

65. Identifying Metric 24° Flareless Fittings

66. Identifying Metric 24° Flareless Fittings
Identify markings
Manufacturer’s logo
Material code
Tube size
Pressure series

67. Identifying Metric 24° Flareless Fittings
Determine Tube Size
Measure sleeve ID

68. Identifying Metric 24° Flareless Fittings
Determine Tube Size
Measure tube OD

69. Identifying Metric 24° Flareless Fittings
Determine Tube Size
Measure fitting throat

70. Identifying Metric 24° Flareless Fittings
Determine Tube Size
Measure opening in back of nut

71. Identifying Metric 24° Flareless Fittings
Determine thread pitch and size

72. Identifying Metric 24° Flareless Fittings
Verify with specification table

73. JIS and BSPP 60° Cone Fittings

74. JIS and BSPP 60° Cone Fittings
Differences
Thread length
Chamfer diameter
Undercut area
Function (dual vs single)
Interchangeability?

75. Hands on Exercise

76. Standards Activity and Industry Trends

77. Standards Activity Merging of BSI and JIS 60° Cone Adapters
ISO Pneumatic BSPP Port
High Pressure Multi-Bolt Round Flanges

78. Industry Trends Metric Tube (plated) Elastomeric Seal EO-2 ISO 6149
Machine Tool Builders
ISO 6149
Ag Equipment Manufacturers
Engine Manufacturers

79. What’s available From TFD

80. What’s Available from TFD
K4 Adapters
Tube Fabricating Equipment
Metric Tube
EO and EO-2 Fittings & Accessories
JIS Fittings
Conversion Adapters and Plugs
Metric Triple-lok
Metric Seal-lok
Metric Tube Clamps