1. Metabolic Interrelations
Title slide - metabolic interrelations

2. Fuel --> metabolism --> waste
Intermediate storage --> utilization when needed

3. Disposition of glucose, amino acids, & fat in a well-fed state.

4. Metabolic interrelationships of major tissues in the early fasting state.

5. Metabolic interrelations of major tissues in the fasting state.

6. Glutamine catabolism by rapidly dividing cells.
a. enterocytes.

7. Glutamine catabolism by rapidly dividing cells.
b. lymphocytes.

8. Metabolic interrelationships of major tissues in the early refed state.

9. Gut and kidney function together in synthesis of arginine from glutamine.

10. Liver provides glutathione for other tissues; a reducing agent.

11. Kidney and liver provide carnitine for other tissues - required for fatty acid transport.

12. The five phases of glucose homeostasis in humans.

13. Phase definitions.

14. Control of hepatic metabolism in the fasting state by allosteric effectors..

15. Activity and state of phosphorylation of enzymes subject to covalent modification in the lipogenic liver.

16. Activity and state of phosphorylation of enzymes subject to covalent modification in the glucogenic liver.

17. Enzymes induced in the liver of the well-fed individual.

18. Enzymes induced in the liver of an individual during fasting.

19. Metabolic interrelations of tissues in various nutritional, hormonal, and disease states.
obesity

20. Previous figure continued
Noninsulin-dependent diabetes mellitus

21. Continued
Insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus

22. Continued
exercise

23. Continued
pregnancy

24. Continues
lactation

25. Continued
stress

26. Continued
Liver disease

27. Continued
Kidney failure

28. Continued
Ethanol ingestion

29. Continued
acidosis

30. Intracellular glutamine cycle in the liver.

31. Bacterial fermentation generates fuel for coloncytes.

32. A picture of the major energy metabolism pathways.

33. Another picture of tissue relationships.