1. Ductility and strengthening in crystalline solids

2. Constructional materials:
Metals and alloys.
Ceramics.
Polymers.
Non-crystalline solids.

3. Edge dislocation

4. Screw dislocation
Mixed dislocation

5. The motion of an edge dislocation

6. The motion of dislocation is similar to the moving of a caterpillar

7. Formation of a step on the crystal surface

8. Deformation of a single crystal
Slip
lines on
the copper
surface
Deformation of
polycrystalline
specimen

9. The wrought rose
The rose
is made
of steel

10. Strengthening Techniques:
strengthening by grain size reduction
solid solution strengthening
strain hardening
precipitation strengthening