1. HBS1.1.2 Orientation to Your Maniken® - 2 Days
STEVE HARRIS
SPASH – BIOMEDICAL

2. Procedure Part I: Directional Terms
With your partner, brainstorm the meaning of the following word pairs as they relate to areas of the body. Discuss the words and see if you can pinpoint meaning without doing any research. When you have gone as far as you can go, use the Internet to check your answers and define any unknown terms.
Anterior; Posterior
Inferior; Superior
Medial; Lateral
Distal; Proximal
Superficial; Deep
Ventral; Dorsal
Create a tape flag for each term. Write the name of the term directly on the flag.
Work together to place these tape flags on your Maniken®. Choose placement that shows the difference between each pair of terms. Be able to explain your reasoning. You may find that drawing an arrow on your tape flag will help you in your explanation.

3. Procedure
After you have discussed these terms with your class, return to your Maniken® and move any tape flags if necessary.
In your laboratory journal, write one sentence for each term that clearly shows its meaning. Choose organs or structures from your graphic organizer from Activity or from your prior knowledge of human anatomy to use in your sentences.
Example: The heart is superior to the stomach.
Anterior:
Posterior:
Inferior:
Superior:
Medial:
Lateral:
Distal:
Proximal:
Superficial:
Deep:
Ventral:
Dorsal:
Share your sentences with a partner and check to make sure that each term is used correctly. Work together to correct any inaccurate statements.

4. Procedure Part II: Regional Terms
To accurately describe body parts and position, scientists have agreed on a standard body orientation, called the anatomical position. In anatomical position, the body is standing up straight with the arms hanging at the sides and palms facing forward.
Locate the area of the body indicated by each of the following regional terms. Some of the terms may be familiar to you. Use the Internet to research the terms you have not seen before.
Abdominal
Antecubital
Axillary
Brachial
Buccal
Calcaneal
Carpal
Cephalic
Cervical
Coxal
Digital
Femoral
Gluteal
Inguinal
Lumbar
Nasal
Occipital
Olecranal
Oral
Orbital
Patellar
Pelvic
Popliteal
Sacral
Scapular
Sternal
Tarsal
Thoracic
Umbilical
Vertebral

5. Procedure
Create a tape flag for each regional term and correctly place the flags on the Maniken®. Use a different color tape flag from those you used for the directional terms.
Obtain two new body system graphic organizers. Label these organizers “Regional Terms – Anterior” and “Regional Terms – Posterior.”
Add information about the regional terms to the organizers. Label each region and briefly describe the meaning of the term in words that make sense to you.
On one of your graphic organizers, use a system of arrows to show the relationships demonstrated by your directional terms tape flags. You already have a visual for anterior and posterior.
Example – In order to show distal and proximal, you might draw an arrow running along the arm and write “distal” and “proximal” at the appropriate locations.

6. Procedure
Remove the regional terms flags from the model and place them on the edge of the desk.
Review the terms by completing a timed drill. One partner should keep time while the other tries to correctly place all of the regional terms tape flags.
Note the time it took you to complete the drill, check the completed work for accuracy and count the number of flags that are placed incorrectly. Switch roles and allow the other partner to complete the drill.
If directed by your teacher, remove all tape flags from the Maniken®.

7. Conclusion Questions
What are the benefits of using universal terms and anatomical position to refer to locations on the human body? How do they help identify all humans?
The benefits of using universal terms and anatomical position to refer to location on the human body are that everyone will know or understand it. It won't cause confusion with anyone. They help identify all humans because all humans have the same terms
What does it mean when a doctor says he/she is about to dissect the distal end of the popliteal artery?
Dissecting the popliteal artery means to cut into the artery that runs down the posterior side of the knee.

8. Conclusion Questions
Your friend assures you that “anterior” and “posterior” can always be used interchangeably with “ventral” and “dorsal”. Politely explain to him/her that this statement is not always true. (HINT: Think about what these terms mean for four-legged animals.)
Although the terms anterior and posterior can be used interchangeably with the terms ventral and dorsal in humans, this is not the case for all animals. For instance, when describing a dog, anterior refers to the front portion, while ventral refers to the stomach side, which is the bottom surface of the dog. Posterior refers to the tails side of the dog, while dorsal refers to its top surface, like if you were petting it back.