1. Please write the prompt and respond in complete sentences.
Warm-Up
Explain how warfare can be used as a unification tool in regards to nation building.
Please write the prompt and respond in complete sentences.

2. 19th Century Nationalism
Case Study: Italy & Germany

3. Unification of Italy
Congress of Vienna made Italy into a hodgepodge - a foreigner divided the city states up, not the people
This inspired the idea that Italy should be one nation rather than a geographically grouped collection of nation states
Sardina-Piedmont was a kingdom (AKA autocracy), but many people were willing to have a monarch since Victor Emmanuel II granted some civil liberties and allowed for a parliament to have power
Cavour wanted to use diplomacy (with France) and warfare (against Austria) to unify the Northern Italian territories - Louis Napoleon was wishy-washy b/c of the religious issues, but Cavour wanted to be on France’s good side
Garibaldi felt like Cavour was not doing enough in unifying Italy

4. Unification of Italy
Cavour was fearful of what would happen in Garibaldi invaded the Papal States, so he sent Sardinian troops in to stop it from happening
Cavour & Garibaldi worked together to create a united Italy under the rule of King Victor Emmanuel II
Very few individuals had the right to vote, there was a great social and cultural gap, and a great separation btwn industrialized north and agrarian south

5. Otto von Bismarck & German Unification
Bismarck - hero or villain? Wanted to secure power for a united Germany, but under Prussian power
Took powers away from the people (AKA parliament) for what he believed was the greater good - MAchiavellian?
Used wars with Denmark, Austria, & France to gain territory & support from other German states to unite the people under the idea of the German nation, or empire
The Franco-Prussian war showed the European world that the German army was the strongest at the time - remember when we get to WWI
1860s - newly united Germany that now was a major European powerhouse