1. Solar Energy Based Energy Systems - II
P M V Subbarao
Professor
Mechanical Engineering Department
Recognition of Direct & Young Children of Solar Energy…....

3. The Power Donating Stream Tube of A Wind Turbine

4. Characteristic Parameter of A Wind Turbine Rotor
The axial induction factor (of rotor) a is defined as:
The available power in a cross-section equal to the swept area A by the rotor is:

5. Non-dimensional Measure of Wind Turbine Capacity
The absorbed power is often non-dimensionalized using Pavail to define power coefficient CP:
The power coefficient for the ideal 1-D wind turbine may be written as:

6. The Compact Ideal Wind Turbine

8. The Power Extraction Analysis

9. Most Popular Wind Turbines

10. Importance of Blade Speed
Tip speed ratio

12. A Hydro Power Harvester…….
Hydro Power Plants
A Hydro Power Harvester…….

13. Hydrological Cycle

14. Catchment Area

15. Hydrological Description of India

16. MACRO -HYDRO-POWER POTENTIAL IN INDIA
India is blessed with immense amount of hydro-electric potential and ranks 5th in terms of exploitable hydro-potential on global scenario.

17. Macro Hydro-power Projects In India

18. The Western Ghats

19. The West Flowing River: The Sharavathi
The river Sharavathi originates at a height of 730m near Ambuthirtha, in Shimoga district.
It flows in a north-west direction, in its long, 132-km journey.

20. East Flowing River : The Krishna
Catchment Area: 2,58,958 Sq. km
Annual Yield: 57,000 M.cum

21. Head Available for Power Generation
patm H

22. Matching of a Hydraulic Turbine to a hydraulic Resource
Speed: N (rpm) or n (rps)
This is named as Specific Speed, Ns

23. Specific Speed

24. The Popular Hydroturbines

25. Design Of Intake for High Release of Power
patm H

26. HEPP with Pelton Wheel

27. Simplification of Nozzle Shapeb a d0
djet,VC
The nozzle and spear are perfectly streamlined to reduce friction losses and achieve perfect circular jets.

28. Industrial Correlations for Jet Area variation with stroke
Optimal value of Outlet jet area, ao
s is the displacement of spear

29. Discharge Control using Spear Nozzle

30. Linear Rate of Change Discharge w.r.t Stroke

31. Jet Vs Mean Diameter of Pelton Runner
Mean diameter or Pitch circle diameter:
Dwheel
Dwheel
Circumferential velocity of the wheel, Uwheel

32. Optimal values of Wheel diameter to jet diameterNs

33. Bucket Geometric Definitions

34. Is it possible to use Pure Momentum for Low Head Jets?be
Is it possible to use Pure Momentum for Low Head Jets?

35. Options for Options for Low Heads & Low Flow RateU
Vri
Vai
Vre
Vae bi ai ae be U
Vri
Vai
Vre
Vae bi ai ae be

36. Turgo Turbine

37. Closing Remarks on Pelton Wheel
The first scientifically developed concept and also patented product.
The only one option for high heads (> 600 m)
Best suited for low flow rates with moderate heads (240m m).
A better choice for moderate heads with medium flow rates.
Easy to construct and develop, as it works at constant (atmospheric) pressure.
Low rpm at moderate or marginal heads is a major disadvantage.

38. Francis Turbine Power Plant : A Continuous Hydraulic System

39. The Francis Turbine

40. The Francis Runner
Traditional runner
X blade runner

41. Parts of A Francis Turbine

42. Max. Opening Position Closed Position Runner inlet (Φ 0.870m)
Guide vane outlet for designα) (Φ 0.913m)
Max. Opening Position
Closed
Position

43. Operation of Guide Vanes.

44. Water particle
Water from spiral casing

45. Hydraulic efficiency of Francis Hydraulic System

46. Friction losses
Friction losses in
the spiral casing
and stay vanes
Guide vane losses
Gap losses
Runner losses
Draft tube losses

47. Losses in Francis Turbines
Draft tube
Output Energy
Head [m]
Hydraulic Efficiency [%]

48. Losses in Francis Turbines
Hydraulic Efficiency [%]
Output Energy
Output [%]

49. The Fast Machine for A Low HeadUb
Vwi
Vai
Vfi
Vri
Vwi Ub
Vai
Vfi
Vri

52. Major Kaplan Plants in Karnataka, India
S.No.
Station
No. Units
× unit Size, MW
Design Head
Speed
rpm
Design Discharge, Cumecs 1
LPH
2 × 27.5
29.5
200
101 2
Kadra
3 × 50
32.0
142.86
175.5 3
Kodasalli
3 × 40
37.0
166.67
123 4.
Almatti
1 × 15
5 × 55
24.09
187.50
26.69
115.4

53. Major Parts of A Kaplan Turbine

54. Classification of Kaplan Turbines
The Kaplan turbine can be divided in double and single regulated turbines.
A Kaplan turbine with adjustable runner blades and adjustable guide vanes is double regulated while one with only adjustable runner blades is single regulated.
The advantage of the double regulated turbines is that they can be used in a wider field.
The double regulated Kaplan turbines can work between 15% and 100% of the maximum design discharge;
the single regulated turbines can only work between 30% and 100% of the maximum design discharge.

55. The Kaplan Runner

56. Superior Performance of A Kaplan Turbine

57. Eco-friendly Turbines