1. PEARSON SQUARE Balancing a Ration
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2. TDN Total Digestible Nutrients The sum of all digestible nutrients
The relative energy value of a feed

3. CP Crude protein The sum of all protein in a feed,
Including “not-true” proteins such as amino acids, enzymes, certain vitamins, urea, ammonia, etc.

4. DP
Digestible protein
The amount of protein in a feed digested and used.

5. DM Dry matter The part of the feed that is not water
The sum of CP, CF, Crude Fiber, NFE, and ash.

6. CF
Crude fat
All of the portion of the feed that is soluble in ether. Referred to as ether extract.

7. Pearson Square Useful tool for simplifying and balancing of rations
It shows the proportions or percentages of two feeds to be mixed together to give a percentage of the needed nutrient
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8. Pearson Square 2000# of feed is needed to feed a 100# growing hog.
A feeding standards table shows that an 18% crude protein ration is needed.
Corn and Soybean Meal (SBM) are selected as feeds.
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9. Pearson Square A feed composition table shows
Corn has 8.9% crude protein
SBM has 44.4% crude protein
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10. Pearson Square
How much corn and soybean meal need to be mixed together for 2000# of feed?
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11. Pearson Square
Step 1 -Draw a 1- to 2-inch square. Place diagonal lines across the square.
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12. Pearson Square
Step 2 – Write the percentage of crude protein needed by the animal in the center of the square where the diagonal lines cross
18.0
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13. Pearson Square
Step 3 –Write the feeds to be used at each corner. Place the percent of crude protein in the feeds after the name of the feed
Corn
8.9%
SBM
44.4%
18.0
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14. Pearson Square
Step 4 – Subtract the smaller of the numbers from the larger numbers. (This involves crude protein needed by the animal and that provided by the feed.) Write the difference in the opposite corners
Corn parts
8.9 % corn
SBM parts
44.4% SBM
18.0
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15. Pearson Square
Step 5 – The numbers at the two right corners are parts of the two feed ingredients that are needed.
26.4 parts corn
+9.1 parts soybean meal (SBM)
35.5 total parts
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16. Pearson Square Corn 26.4 parts corn 8.9% 35.5 total parts
SBM parts SBM
44.4% total parts
18.0
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17. Pearson Square
Step 6 – The percentage of each feed needed in the ration can be found by dividing the number of parts by the total parts, then multiply by 100.
26.4/ 35.5 = .744 x 100 = 74.4% corn
9.1/ = .256 x 100 = 25.6% sbm
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18. Pearson Square Corn 26.4 parts corn 8.9% 35.5 total parts 74.4%
SBM parts SBM
44.4% total parts
25.6%
18.0
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19. Pearson Square
Step 7 – The amount of each feed ingredient for a large batch of feed is determined by multiplying the percentage of each by the total amount of feed desired
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20. Pearson Square Our batch of feed = 2000 # ( 1 ton)
2000# x = 1488 # Corn
2000# x = 512 # SBM
2000# of 18% Crude Protein
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