1. Non-Governmental Organizations (NGOs)

2. What is an NGO? Non-profit Voluntary citizens’ group
Organized on local / nat’l / internat’l level
Independent from states & IGOs
Rely on advocacy, moral authority
Watchdogs over gov’t actions
Humanitarian / development / environment

3. Global Examples of NGOs
Human rights: Amnesty International (campaign- refugees); International Rescue Committee (examples); International Red Cross; Doctors Without Borders
Development: Building Resources Across Communities (BRAC)
Environment: World Wildlife Federation, Greenpeace
AI video-
IRC video-
WWF video-

4. NGOs & State Sovereignty (/)
NGOs not always cooperative w/ each other
More power now – Internet
Elected gov’ts competing w/ ‘civil society’
Might have no oversight w/ lots of $
What if NGOs provide services gov’t can’t? Legitimacy Qs?
Successes in protecting ‘human security’
Ex: IRC expelled from Darfur

5. Multi-National Corporations (MNCs)

6. Private companies w/ business in >1 state $ = power World’s Top 100 Economies… p100Economies.pdf

7. MNCs & States(/) Ex: Coke in Colombia Bring jobs
Make product available
Investments
Positive change via pressure for human rights
Negative change via pressure to not enforce workers’ rights/ safety laws
Cheap labor
Developing countries vulnerable
Demand tax breaks
Ex: Coke in Colombia