1. Colonization

2. Mercantilism What is the setting of the political cartoon?
Who is representing the “Mother Country”?
Who is representing the “Colonies”?
What is the role of the Colonies?
What is the colonies job?

3. Mercantilism
Mercantilism is an economic theory, an idea that the amount of wealth in the world is limited and so the best way to become a strong nation is to get as much of that wealth (gold & silver) as you can
The more you have the less your competition has!
2 A

5. Trans-Atlantic Trade
Trade over the Atlantic Ocean was a way for Britain to use its colonies as a source of the limited wealth in the world
The British needed to control the trade from the New World so that its rivals didn’t make any money off of their colonies
2 A

6. Triangular Trade
British ships with rum, cloth & other goods would head to African coasts
Slaves would be moved from Africa to the New World
Tobacco & other New World goods would be packaged up for Britain
2 A, B

7. What was shipped where?
2 A, B

8. Establishment of the 13 colonies

9. Southern Colonies

10. Southern Colonies Southern Virginia Maryland Carolina’s Georgia 1607
Region
Colonies
European Settlement
Climate
Economy
Population
Southern
Virginia
Maryland
Carolina’s
Georgia
1607
1632
1655
1732
Warm climate; long growing season
Cash crops or tobacco, rice, and indigo grown on large plantations using slave labor
More men than women; indentured servants; enslaved African Americans a majority in some areas

11. 1 A, E

12. Jamestown, Virginia 1st permanent English colony in North America
The Virginia Company treated it as a business venture - $$$ - hoping for GOLD
Tobacco = (BROWN GOLD) = cash crop
Labor-intense will lead to dependency on slavery
1 A

14. The House of Burgesses
A legislative assembly (lawmakers) similar to their Parliament back home in England
The first form of government in the New World
Gap between rich and poor (landowners and non land owners)
Representation in House also not equal 1A

15. The Powhatan Indians
American Indians had lived in Virginia for centuries, now were forced off the land
Occasionally violent interactions between Indians and English settlers 1A

16. Nathaniel Bacon’s Rebellion
Poor settlers wanted harsher action against the Powhatan
They staged an uprising against the governor of Virginia and the wealthy landowners – FAILED
The House of Burgesses passed tougher laws that pushed Virginia to stricter forms of control of slavery. 1A

17. New England Colonies

18. New England Colonies New England Massachusetts New Hampshire
Region
Colonies
European Settlement
Climate
Economy
Population
New England
Massachusetts
New Hampshire
Connecticut
Rhode Island
1660
1623
1634
1636
Cold winters; short growing seasons
Fishing; shipbuilding; trade; lumber; small subsistence farms
Few slaves or immigrants; more families; fast growing population.

19. Settling New England 1st - Puritans in present-day Massachusetts
Whole family for a better life and religious freedom
Puritans set up town meetings to make their own laws and elect some members of a local legislature
Only men who were members of the church could vote 1B

20. Mayflower Compact
The settlers in Massachusetts, before disembarking their ship agreed to the Mayflower Compact.
They formed the first governing document of Plymouth Colony.
The colonist of Plymouth agreed to the document and they obeyed all of its laws.
Form of self-government.

21. Salutary Neglect
British Policy that allowed the colonies virtual self governance, local rule, as long as Great Britain was prospering economically.
Policy allowed the enforcement of trade relations laws to be soft.
Prime Minister Robert Walpole stated “if no restrictions were placed on the colonies, they would flourish.”

22. Settling Rhode Island
Religious tensions, resulting from Puritan intolerance, pushed settlers like Anne Hutchinson and Roger Williams out 1B

23. The Half-Way Covenant
Many children grew up without the same strong covenant (relationship) with God that their parents had had
To keep church membership high, the Puritans had to extend a partial membership to these younger generations
KEEP THEM IN CHURCH 1B

24. The Massachusetts Charter
What is a charter?
King of England cancelled the charter
Combined all the New England colonies to have strict control over them.
CREATED A ROYAL COLONY!!! 1B

25. Pequot War
The Pequot War was a bloody example of Indian lands lost to New England settlers.
The New England Colonies were engaged in trading with the Pequot's.
The colonist started to expand their territory, the Pequot’s did not like this.
Resulted in the colonist killing 600 or more Pequot's, which wiped them off the land for good.

26. King Philip’s War Native American conflict from 1675-1676.
Named for the Indian leader Metacom, nicknamed “King Philip” by the British settlers
Native American lost more land! 1B

27. Standard 1B

28. Middle (Mid-atlantic) colonies

29. Middle Colonies Middle Colonies New York New Jersey Delaware
Region
Colonies
European Settlement
Climate
Economy
Population
Middle Colonies
New York
New Jersey
Delaware
Pennsylvania
1624
1630
1638
1644
Temperate; moderate growing season
Wheat, barley, and rye crops grown on moderate-sized farms
Attractive to immigrants; tolerant of religious and ethnic differences

30. Pennsylvania North of Virginia Founded by religiously tolerant Quakers
Non-violence as a core belief
Better treatment of American Indians
Discouragement of slavery
Led by William Penn 1C

31. A Dutch Colony
They settled a diverse, business-minded colony called New Amsterdam
In 1664, the British took over the colony and renamed it New York
It became a major center for trade
tolerant 1C

34. The African Population
As tobacco, rice & indigo farms in the southern colonies of North America grew, so did the need for labor
The slaves’ sea voyage across the Atlantic was known as the Middle Passage
The trip was known for its brutality
Slaves combined their culture with that of the American people they came in contact with.
2 B

35. The Voyage Over
We will take a look at a number of pictures and a movie clip. As you look at each one think about the picture and movie clip. Put yourself in their place.
After we look at the pictures and movie clip you will write a journal entry as if you were aboard the slave ships. You can write it from the side of a slave or from the side of a crew member of the ship.

41. The Great Awakening
Worship habits had changed by the 1730s and 1740s in New England
Citizens were told to seek a personal relationship with God
Preachers like Jonathan Edwards moved from colony to colony giving very emotional sermons
But some people wondered what was happening to American religion and wondered if we should cut ties to Britain to keep religion pure
Jonathan Edwards Personal Voice (83)
2 D