1. Volcanoes and volcanic hazards
Geology 101

2. Many different volcano types

3. Volcanic hazard summary
This ain’t Dante’s Peak – not all hazards occur at all volcanoes

4. Volcanic hazards -- lava flow

6. Volcanic hazards -- pyroclastic flow

9. Volcanic hazard -- tephra (ash) fall
Tephra is any ejected material from an eruption
Size range is quite large
Rock names are not related to ejection

11. Volcanic hazard -- lahar
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12. Lahars -- mudslides on volcanoes
Don’t need an eruption to start, thus less predictable
Require loose material, slope and water (Cascades)
Extend for 100 miles down river valleys off volcanoes

13. Volcanic hazard -- blast

14. Characterizing eruptions -- the VEI scale

15. Case study: Toba (74 ka)

16. Mitochondrial DNA study yielded an odd result

17. Toba eruption caused a human population “bottleneck”

18. Planning for the next one