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Chapter 13 Volcanoes
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Volcanoes Volcanoes – places where magma breaks through onto the surface of the earth Common along plate boundaries
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Building a Volcano 1. Magma collected in chambers below earth’s surface 2. Pressure build and is pushed through a vent 3. Rock and ash fall around opening 4. Over time a cone is built
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Many located along subduction zones
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Island Arcs Island Arcs – string of volcanic islands
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Types of Volcanoes Tall and pointy Small and long Sticky lava
Not sticky lava
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Types of Volcanoes Composite – tall and pointy Sticky lava
Formed by alternating quiet and explosive eruptions
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Felsic Lava Rich in light colored silicate material
Cooler and stickier Gases cannot escape
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Pyroclastic Material Fragments of rock from an eruption Volcanic Ash
Lapilli – “Little stones” Volcanic Bombs Volcanic Blocks
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Types of Volcanoes Shield – long sloping layers Quiet eruptions
Fluid lava
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Mafic Lava Rich in magnesium and iron Dark Gases are able to escape
Quiet eruptions
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