1. General Metabolism Controlling your: metabolic rate, hunger cycle,
growth & healing…
all with the power of hormones! 

2. Metabolic Rate Thyroxine
Speeds up cell metabolism, generates body heat, increases heart rate…
Hyperthyroidism: weight loss, increased body heat, tachycardia; Grave’s disease (autoimmune, exophthalmia)
Hypothyroidism: weight gain, lethargy, bradycardia

3. Metabolic Rate Thyroxine = T4 Triiodothyronine = T3
Both are tyrosine derivatives, need Iodine to function

4. Metabolic Rate
Goiter: result of inadequate dietary iodine; protein precursor accumulates in gland, which swells

5. Calcium Antagonistic pair:
Calcitonin: from thyroid, increases Ca2+ absorption from blood into osteoblasts
Parathyroid hormone: from PT Gland increases bone breakdown by osteoclasts, increases blood ca2+

6. Calcium

7. Calcium Hypercalcemia: excess Ca2+ in blood; seizures, tetany.
Hypocalcemia: low Ca2+ in blood; diet, kidney failure, PT tumour
Osteoporosis: change in bone density due to dietary Ca2+ and failed Ca2+ homeostasis.

8. Circadian Rhythm Circa = around Dia = one day
Your internal body clock, daily rhythm
Pineal gland & melatonin
Influenced by light
Jet Lag

9. Hunger Endocrine cells within other organs:
Ghrelin: from stomach, signals hunger & appetite
Leptin: from adipose cells (fat tissue); suppresses appetite
PYY hormone: from small intestine; also suppresses appetite

11. Obesity
May be linked to a failure of Ghrelin, Leptin system; Leptin may be a treatment…

12. Stress Responses
Complex: not just endocrine, but neural & psychological; long & short term; adrenal gland

13. Stress Responses

14. Stress Responses

15. Fight or Flight Response
Same hormones as short-term stress, but released by nerves too
Fast, general response
Epi > Norepi = fear
Nor > Epi = anger
Instinct for survival