1. Activity
Ch 39

2. Purpose of Skeletal System
Supports soft tissues of body
Protects delicate structures of the body
Furnishes surfaces for the attachment of muscles, tendons, ligaments
Provides storage areas for miner salts and fat
Produces blood cells

3. Bone Classification
Long bones
Short bones
Flat bones
Irregular bones

4. Joint Types
Ball-and-socket
Condyloid
Gliding
Hinge
Pivot
Saddle

5. Joint Movements Abduction Adduction Flexion Extension Rotation
Supination
Pronation
Inversion
Eversion
These equal Range of Motion
Learn how to assist your patients to perform these movements

6. Muscle Types
Skeletal
Cardiac
Smooth or visceral

7. Muscle Purposes
Motion
Maintenance of posture
Heat production

8. What Happens??? Afferent nervous system conveys information to CNS.
Neurons conduct impulses from one part of body to another.
Information is processed by CNS.
The efferent system conveys response from CNS to skeletal muscles via somatic nervous system.

9. Body Mechanics Body alignment or posture Balance
Coordinated body movement
Postural reflexes

10. Mobility Influences Developmental considerations Physical health
Mental health
Lifestyle
Attitude and values
Fatigue and stress
External factors

11. Types of Exercise Isotonic – contraction of muscle against resistance
Isometric – contraction & relaxation of a muscle or group of muscles
Isokinetic – usually involves machinery to control speed of activity

12. Assessing Mobility General ease of movement and gait Alignment
Joint structure and function
Muscle mass, tone, and strength
Endurance

13. Positioning Patients Pillows Mattresses Adjustable beds Bed side rails
Trapeze bar
Additional equipment

14. Protective Positions Fowler’s position
Supine or dorsal recumbent position
Side-lying or lateral position
Prone position

15. !?!?! Back Strain !?!? Uncoordinated lifts
Height-weight differential among lifters
Lifting when fatigued
Lifting after recent recovery from back injury
Lack of training in body mechanics
Standing for long periods of time
Transferring patients

16. Conditioning
Quadriceps and gluteal setting drills
Pushups
Dangling

17. Assistive Devices
Walker
Cane
Braces
Crutches

18. Crutch Gaits
Four-point
Three-point
Two-point
Swing-to
Swing-through