1. Chapter 12
Antebellum Reforms

2. I. Communitarianism (Utopian society)
Shakers
Mother Ann Lee
Shaking
Equality/celibacy
Mormons
Joseph Smith
Latter Day Saints
Lost tribes of Israel
On the move
Deseret (now Utah)

3. Communitarianism (Utopian society)
Oneida
Marriage
Children
Not “free love”
New Harmony
Robert Owen
Total equality
No authority
Financial failure
Oneida
All married to each other
John Humphrey Noyes – founder
Called perfectionism or bible communism
Not free love: closely monitored; free women from demands of male lust and bonds of family
New Harmony
Equality in property, labor and opportunity as well as free speech and action.
Why would No authority lead to ruin?

4. Communitarianism (Utopian society)
Brook Farm
Transcendalism
Equal opp 4 self-realization
Equal sharing of labor
Doomed to fail
Hawthorne’s “Blythdale Romance”
Brook Farm
Why doomed to fail? Transcendentalism is an individual pursuit. No fit for communal living.
When George Ripley tried to bring organization, it quickly fell apart.
Blythdale Romance just blasted the project after visiting

5. II. Reformers and Reform Movements
School Reform
Horace Mann
Long year, more $
Teacher pay
curriculum
Age-grade system
Moved to 6 month year, doubled appropriations for schools.
Increase teacher pay. Updated curriculum.
Age-grade system we still use today.

6. Ten Hour Movement Temperance Van Buren, 1830s Gov’t workers
Private sector
Temperance
Hard liquor
Crime, disorder, poverty
Special burden on wives
Western farmers
Important socially
Temperance: all hard liquor
Husband spent $ needed by family; wives domestic abuse
Why would western farmer oppose? Many turned grain into whiskey for easier transport/selling at market
Failed largely due to extension by some to beer and wine. To many, especially catholic immigrants, drinking was socially important.

7. American Colonization Society
Mental Illness
Dorothea Dix
Mental hospitals
American Colonization Society
Free “negroes”
Africa
Jefferson, Clay, Lincoln
Liberia
Abolitionists condemn
Mental illness: no longer in holes in the ground (mine shafts in some cases) with criminals
Why would abolitionists condemn?

8. Abolitionism Quakers No compensation
Wm. Lloyd Garrison (The Liberator)
Grimke Sisters
Frederick Douglass
Garrison: very radical, immediate emancipation. Original founders wanted to do away w/internal slave trade, stop spread of slavery, give free blacks all rights and repeal 3/5th compromise.

9. IlI. Women’s Rights Seneca Falls Convention Lucy Stone Quakers
Declaration of Sentiments
12 resolutions unanimous
Voting
Lucy Stone
Oberlin College 1847
Abolitionists
Retained maiden name
“the history of mankind is a history of repeated injuries and usurpations on the part of man toward woman, having in direct object the establishment of an absolute tyranny over her.”
Lucretia Mott/Cady Stanton
Stone: father believed in cult of domesticity. She got her own education. Married Henry Blackwell.
Women who keep maiden name known as Lucy Stoners.

10. Margaret Fuller Catherine Beecher Susan B. Anthony Transcendalists
Intellectual equality
Ralph Waldo Emerson
Catherine Beecher
Sister Harriet B. Stowe
School teachers
Susan B. Anthony
Seneca Falls
Temperance
More effective post-Civil War

11. Emma Willard Mary Lyon Elizabeth Blackwell First girls HS
1821, Troy, NY
Mary Lyon
Mount Holyoke
Massachusetts, 1823
Elizabeth Blackwell
Female doctor
Geneva College, 1848
Own hospital
Blackwell as sister-in-law with Stone and Antoinette Brown Blackwell, first ordained woman minister in US
NY infirmary for Indigent Women and Children