1. WARM UP – APRIL 21 New Seating Chart - Everyone find your name
Grab the Guided Notes from the front table
Answer these review questions on a clean sheet of paper
1. What is abolition?
2. Who was William Lloyd Garrison and what did he call for?
3. What were the 2 responses to Nat Turner’s Rebellion?
4. What were 2 arguments that slavery supporters used to defend slavery as “good?”

2. What is a Reform Movement?
Work to change society for the better.
Focused on improving conditions for the poor, enslaved, imprisoned, women, and disabled.
Examples of current reform movements:
Immigration reform
Equal marriage
Gun control
Equal pay
Education reform

3. Second Great Awakening – What/When?
Second Great Awakening (religious reform)
What?
Religious revival in the early-mid 1800s
Emphasized personal salvation
Individuals could improve themselves and society
Individual responsibility for going to heaven or hell
Reflected Jacksonian principles – emphasis on the common person’s ability to improve/change themselves
When?
Early-mid 1800s

4. Second Great Awakening – Where?
Starts in KY and TN and moves north

5. Second Great Awakening – How?
Sermons were given at revivals
A gathering to “reawaken” religious faith
Outdoors
Could be over 20,000 people
4-5 days
Very emotional – crying out, burst into tears, or tremble
1800 – 1/15 American churchgoers
1860 – 1/6 American churchgoers

6. Second Great Awakening – Who?
Charles Finney – famous and influential preacher who traveled the country and attracted large crowds

7. Second Great Awakening – Why Important?
Large scale growth of Christian churches across the nation.
Emphasis on self-determination (choosing your own fate)
Led to other reform movements
Bettering society and doing good  bettering yourself  salvation

8. Second Great Awakening – Why Important?
2nd G.A. brought Christianity to many enslaved African Americans
Belief that ALL people belonged to the same God  revivals open to whites and blacks (segregated seats)
Slaves saw the Christian message as a promise of freedom
African Methodist Episcopal (AME) Church established
Cultural center for African Americans (church, schools, etc)
Deep inner faith to fight slavery

9. Transcendentalism – What?
Transcendentalism (literary and philosophical reform)
What?
Philosophical and literary movement that emphasized transcending (going beyond) the senses to learn about and connect to the natural world
Emphasized living a simple immaterial life and celebrating emotion and imagination
When?
Early-mid 1800s

10. Transcendentalism – Where/How?
Mostly Eastern coast
How?
Literary movement stressing optimism, freedom, and self-reliance
Living without material possessions
Encouraged civil disobedience – refusing to obey laws seen as unjust

11. Transcendentalism – How?
Utopian communities – “ideal” or “perfect communities
Stressed self-sufficiency, wholesomeness, and simplicity
Experimental – never lasted more than a few years
Brook Farm, New Harmony, Oneida Community

12. Transcendentalism – Who?
Ralph Waldo Emerson
Transcendentalist writer
Led the Transcendentalism movement in the early 1800s

13. Transcendentalism – Who?
Henry David Thoreau
Transcendentalist writer
Lived in the woods without possessions for 2 years (self-reliance)
Wrote Walden – urged readers to follow their inner voice
Practiced civil disobedience – didn’t pay US taxes because he didn’t support some policies (including slavery)  went to jail

14. Transcendentalism – Why Important?
Reflected American ideals of self-reliance, individualism, and freedom of thought

15. Prison Reform – What/When/Where?
Social reform
an attempt to change the prison system for the better to help the mentally ill and criminals
When?
Where?
Prisons and asylums in the US

16. Prison Reform – Who/How?
Dorothea Dix
Observed prisoners who were physically punished or isolated for extended periods
Saw that some prisoners were not mentally healthy enough to be the prison environment
How?
Dix helped pass a law in MA to improve conditions for prisons
Encouraged other states to send mentally ill prisoners to asylums – a place for the care of the mentally ill

17. Prison Reform – Why Important?
Changed the way prisoners and the mentally ill were treated
Focused on rehabilitation of criminals and mentally ill  treat them to make them into useful members of society
Reflects religious reforms – everyone has a purpose and can be improved

18. School Reform – What/When/Where?
Social reform
An attempt to change the educational system for the better
When?
1830s
Where?
Started in MA, spread to other states

19. School Reform –Who? Who? School was not mandatory in most states
Students were not separated by age/grade – everyone together in one room
Few students continued beyond 10 years old
Who?
Horace Mann – Education reformer in MA, 1st Secretary of the Board of Education in MA

20. School Reform – How? Mann helped…
Increase tax-payer money spent on public schools (to make them competition for private schools)
Pass laws to make school attendance mandatory
Establish teacher-training programs
Create better curriculums

21. School Reform – Why Important?
Still, women, African Americans, and immigrants were denied some quality of education.
Improving schools led to a more educated public.
Mandatory schooling required children to leave poor working conditions in factories.
Contributed to the public educational system today.

22. REFORM YOUR SCHOOL ACTIVITY
You will be in charge of reforming school in an effort to create the “perfect high school”
Name your school
Draw a school logo that shows the mascot for your school (in color)
How many periods will be included in your school day? Why did you choose this number? (Provide a reason)
What classes will your school offer? Why did you choose these classes?
What is one big change your school will have from Franklinton (what is one thing you would like to change about Franklinton – how will you make this change in your school)?
You can change your school anyway you would like as long as your changes make sense and you have reasons for each change and all changes, names are appropriate