1. Substitutionary Atonement
Why it matters?

2. Review Theories of the Atonement: The Definition of “Theory”
A lot of questions were raised about this. “Why are they theories?,” Or “Who believes these theories?”
Ransom to Satan
Moral Example
Governmental

3. The Satisfaction Theory
Anselm of Canterbury argued this view
Christ’s death Satisfied the wrath of God meant for rebellious, sinful humanity
R.C. Sproul’s conversation with a skeptic
A Judge who never punishes evil is not good because he is not just.

4. The Satisfaction Theory
When we sin we owe a debt.
Pecuniary debt – where money is owed
Moral debt – a law has been broken.

5. Substitutionary Atonement
This the classical, orthodox view of Christianity.
Karl Barth proposed the single most important Greek word in the NT: hyper
Hyper: ”On behalf of”
Jesus is the second Adam, who did on behalf of his people what Adam failed to do

6. Substitutionary Atonement
Key Terms:
Removal of Sin
Old Testament Sacrificial System
Leviticus 16
Expiation
Removal of Guilt
Horizontal dimension of the Atonement
Ps. 103:12

7. Substitutionary Atonement
Propitiation
Vertical dimension of the Atonement
God’s righteous wrath is appeased and is satisfied.

8. The Extent of the Atonement
Main question: For whom did Christ die?
The “L” in the acronym TULIP means “limited atonement,”
A better term to use is “definite atonement”
Summary of the atonement: “sufficient for all and efficient for some”
Translation: the atonement is limited in its efficacy (desired result) but was sufficient to cover the sins of the whole world.

9. The Extent of the Atonement
John Owen “The Death of Death in the Death of Christ” proposes three possibilities:
Christ died for some sins of all men
Christ died for all the sins of all men
Christ died for all the sins of some men