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Cell Cycle How our cells divide
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2 main stages of the Cell Cycle
INTERPHASE = cell growth M Phase – cell division
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Interphase Most of their life of a cell is spent in this phase
Carries on DAILY ACTIVITY and allows the cell to grow 3 different phases G1- ‘growth’ increasing mass of cell Number of organelles and amount of cytoplasm S phase – DNA synthesis or “Replication” G2 Phase – continues to increase in size and prepares to divide
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Replication Before a cell can divide, it must duplicate (or copy) its DNA End goal = 2 identical strands of DNA One set of DNA will go to each new daughter cell Possible because of Double Helix Allows DNA to be easily copied
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Mitosis a process by which cell ensures each daughter cell will have a complete set of chromosomes of DNA There are Four Key Stages of mitosis: PMAT
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Prophase Vocabulary Description
Centrioles = microtubules that form fibers – always in pairs Chromosomes = “X” shaped DNA – tightly coiled Centromere = the ‘glue’ that holds chromosomes together Description Chromatin condenses to form chromosomes Nuclear Envelope disappears Centrioles move to opposite poles (ends) of the cell
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Prophase Diagram
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Metaphase Vocabulary Description Sister chromatids = ½ of a chromosome
Spindle Fibers = appear out of centrioles, like rope Description Spindle Fibers = pull chromatids to middle of cell Sister chromatids = attach to spindle fibers and move to center of cell Shortest phase = ensures accurate DNA copies are made
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Metaphase Diagram
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Anaphase Vocabulary Description Microtubules = centrioles
Spindle fibers = pull sister chromatids apart from each other Sister chromatids = separated and go to opposite ends of cell Microtubules = shorten allowing this process to occur
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Anaphase Diagram
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Telophase Description Chromosomes begin to unravel into chromatin
New nuclear envelope forms around each complete set of DNA
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Telophase Diagram
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Cytokenesis Vocabulary Description
Daughter cell = identical copy of parent Cleavage furrow = pinching that separates parent cell Cell plate = CF in plants Description Cytoplasm and organelles are divided into 2 identical daughter cells Plant cells = cell plate Animal cells = cleavage furrow
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Cyto Diagram
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