1. Macdonald World History
The End of the War
Macdonald
World History

4. Background
WWI ended. The Allies had won. On January 18, 1919 the Paris Peace Conference to establish what would happen in Europe was held at Versailles in France.

5. Allies Meet at Versailles
32 Countries attended
Big Four:
1. Woodrow Wilson – US
2. Georges Clemenceau – France
3. David Lloyd George – Britain
4. Vittorio Orlando - Italy

6. Allies Meet at Versailles
Not there:
Germany
Other Central Powers
Russia

7. Wilson’s Plan Fourteen Points (plan for lasting peace in Europe)
1 – End to secret treaties
2 - Freedom of the seas
3 – Free trade
4 – Reduced national militaries for all
5 – change imperialism to be more fair to natives
6 – 13 – create new countries based on nationalism
Main idea: self – determination (ppl should decide for themselves what gov’t they wanted)

8. Wilson’s Plan
14 – create a “general association of nations” to protect the world – world police

9. Allies Dictate a Harsh Peace
Britain & France didn’t want 14 Points b/c of national security
Wanted to strip Germany of war-making powers and punish them
Compromise reached and Treaty of Versailles signed

10. Treaty of Versailles Provisions
Adopted Wilson’s 14th point – created League of Nations (int’l power to keep peace)
Took formerly Russian land from Germany to punish them
Placed sole responsibility for war on Germany
Germany had to pay $ to Allies or reparations
All German lands in Pacific & Asia were to be controlled by League of Nations
Germany had to limit the size of their military to 100,000 troops

11. Treaty of Versailles Provisions
Germany had to limit the size of their military to 100,000 troops
Land between Germany and France called Rhineland was to be de-militarized
Germany and Austria may NEVER make another alliance

12. Creation of New Nations
New countries created from the other losing Central Powers & Russia
Treaty resulted in huge losses for Central Powers and Russia

13. A Peace Built on Quicksand
Treaty did not bring lasting peace
US rejected treaty – didn’t sign
Germans upset b/c thought they were unfairly blamed
Other countries felt cheated
Japan & Italy joined Allies b/c promised land – didn’t get any land

14. Legacy of War New kind of war
New technologies – poison gas, tanks, etc.
Huge scale
Extreme costs in human lives – 8.5 million died (mostly Russian and Germany soldiers)
Thousands of civilians died b/c of starvation, disease
Drained money of Europe – cost $338 billion
Destroyed farmland, villages
Led to disillusionment which led to revolts

15. Europe Before the War

16. Europe After the War