1. Unit 2: cellular biology
PPt 1:
Lessons 2.1, 2.2, 2.3

2. Unit 2 Cellular Biology part 1 Table Of Contents
2.1 Levels of Organization 2.2 The Characteristics of Life 2.3 Three Domains of Life

3. Levels of Organization
Each level of organization builds on the level below it but often demonstrates new features.
Emergent properties: new properties present at one level that are not seen in the previous level 3

4. Levels of Organization Molecule Organelle Cell Tissue Organ
www3.gov.ab.ca
Levels of Organization
Molecule
Organelle
Cell
Tissue
Organ
Organ System
Organism Population Community
Ecosystem
Biosphere
fairmanstudios.com

5. Atom The most basic unit of matter Subatomic particles
Nucleus contains protons and neutrons
Electrons orbit nucleus
Ex: An oxygen atom
(8 protons, 8 neutrons, 8 electrons)

6. Molecule
Group of atoms held together by bonds

7. Organelle
Structure within cell that perform specific function

8. Cell The most basic unit of life
Some organisms are unicellular (bacteria); others are multicellular (plants, animals, fungi)

9. Tissue
Group of similar cells that perform a specific function

10. Organ
A structure usually composed of several tissue types that form a functional unit

11. Organ System
Two or more organs working together to perform a specific function
Ex: branch with stem, buds, petioles, leaves
Ex: mouth, esophagus, stomach, intestines, colon, anus

12. Organism
Individual living thing
Unicellular or multicellular

13. Population Members of one species inhabiting the same area
Species: Very similar, potentially interbreeding organisms

14. Community
Two or more populations of different species living and interacting in the same area

15. Ecosystem
A community together with its nonliving surroundings

16. Biosphere
The part of Earth inhabited by living organisms (living and nonliving components)

17. Levels of Organization
Cellular Organization
cells
organelles
molecules
atoms
The cell is the
basic unit of life. 17

18. Levels of Organization
Organismal Level
organism
organ systems
organs
tissues 18

19. Levels of Organization
Population Level
ecosystem
community
species
population 19

20. Graphic Organizer 1 cm Organization of Life 1cm ATOMS MOLECULES
ORGANELLES
1.5 cm
CELLS
2 cm
TISSUES
ORGAN
ORGAN SYSTEM
2.5 cm
ORGANISM
3 cm
POPULATION
COMMUNITY
3.5 cm
ECOSYSTEM
4.5 cm
BIOSPHERE

21. Unit 2 Cellular Biology Table Of Contents
2.1 Levels of Organization 2.2 The Characteristics of Life 2.3 Three Domains of Life

22. What is the difference between Science and Biology?
Science is the study of the natural world around us. Biology is the study of the living part of that natural world. Biology is the study of life.
Why do you need to know about life?
Because you are alive and you exist in a living world.
How do you know you are alive?

23. Seven Characteristics of Life
A species must have ALL SEVEN to be considered living.
Order
All organisms within a species exhibit complex organization
Regulation
Maintenance of homeostasis (internal balance)
3. Growth and Development
Pattern of growth and development for each organism
Energy utilization
All organisms take in energy and transform it for use
Response to the environment
All organisms respond to their environment, external & internal
Reproduction
All species can reproduce themselves, and pass on their traits
Adapts and Evolves (changes over time)
All species evolve (change over time)
All

24. Characteristics of Life
1. Displays organization
Living things also display organization, which means they are arranged in an orderly way
EX: Cells  Tissues  Organs  Organ Systems

25. Characteristics of Life
2. Regulation - Maintains Homeostasis
Regulation of an organism’s internal conditions to maintain life is called homeostasis.
**Homeostasis =
the process of keeping the internal environment stable/balance/constant

26. Characteristics of Life
3. Grows and Develops
Growth results in the addition of mass to an organism and, in many organisms, the formation of new cells and new structures.

27. Characteristics of Life
4. Uses & Requires Energy
Living things get their energy from food.
Most plants and some unicellular organisms use light energy from the Sun to make their own food and fuel their activities.
Organisms that cannot make
their own food (like humans!)
get energy by consuming
(eating) other organisms.

28. Characteristics of Life
5. Responds to the Environment & Stimuli
Anything that is part of the internal or external environments and causes some sort of reaction by the organism is called a stimulus.
The reaction to a stimulus is a response.

29. Characteristics of Life
6. Reproduction
Make the next generation
A species is a group of organisms that can and will breed with one another and produce fertile offspring. (babies that survive and can have more babies)

30. Characteristics of Life
7. Adapts and Evolves (Changes Over Time)
An adaptation is any inherited characteristic that results from changes to a species over time.
Adaptations are usually in response to the environment

31. Tree of Life

33. Characteristics of Life
Energy is the driving force behind all of the characteristics of life. Without energy, none of the characteristics can be carried out.

34. Unit 2 Cellular Biology Table Of Contents
2.1 Levels of Organization 2.2 The Characteristics of Life 2.3 Three Domains of Life

35. Unity and Diversity There is great Diversity of living things.
Example: One Four-Square Mile patch of Rainforest contains…
image59.webshots.com
150 species of butterflies
60 species of reptiles
60 species of amphibians
s297.photobucket.com
125 species of mammals
400 species of birds
750 species of trees
1500 species of flowering plants
flickr.com

36. To make sense of the diverse life forms in the world (or even in a smaller complicated system like the rainforest) it helps to organize the organisms.
A three-domain system of classification allows biologists to group organisms using structure/function and DNA/RNA Sequencing.
The three domains of life on Earth can be divided into two (2) groups:
Cells without a nucleus
Cells with a nucleus
prokaryote.com
NO NUCLEUS
faculty.irsc.edu
biology.clc.uc.edu
library.thinkquest.org
Prokaryotes
Eukaryotes

37. Includes Eubacteria (true bacteria).
The Three Domains:
1. Domain Bacteria
Includes Eubacteria (true bacteria).
Description: Unicellular prokaryotes.
Bacteria that causes
Strep throat illness.
shelbyjonas.glogster.com

38. Includes Arachaebacteria (ancient bacteria).
The Three Domains:
2. Domain Archaea
Includes Arachaebacteria (ancient bacteria).
Description: Extreme thermophiles and methanogens.
(thermophiles live in very hot places)
(methanogens live in places filed with methane gas)
Have characteristics of both Bacteria and Eukarya.
microbezoo.commtechlab.msu.edu

39. Kingdom Protista (unicellular and multicellular microorganisms)
3. Domain Eukarya
Kingdom Protista (unicellular and multicellular microorganisms)
Kingdom Fungi (multicellular mushrooms, molds, mildews)
Kingdom Plantae (all plants)
Kingdom Animalia (all animals)
facultyfp.salisbury.edu
Paramecia
Amoeba
www-biology.ucsd.edu
Bread mold
upload.wikimedia.org
Mushroom
Venus Fly Trap
piedpatter.files.wordpress.com

40. The Three Domains

41. Classification of Humans
Classification: Homo sapiens
Domain: Eukarya
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Mammalia
Order: Primates
Family: Hominidae
Genus: Homo
Species: sapiens