1. Westward Expansion

2. People received less than a elementary education
University of Georgia
People received less than a elementary education
1785, UGA was chartered as a land grant university
Land grant university-a school for which the federal government donated the land

3. Oversees all public schools in state Opened for classes in 1801
University of Georgia
Oversees all public schools in state
Opened for classes in 1801
1st building was for all-male, all-white school, women were not admitted until 1918

4. Louisville The capital rotated between Savannah and Augusta
Population moved inland, difficult to travel to do business
1786, legislature selected a centrally located capital called Louisville
Named after King Louis XVI, because of help during Revolutionary War

5. Spread of Methodist and Baptist Churches
Methodist and Baptist were the largest denominations in Georgia

6. Spread of Methodist Churches
Circuit Riders-Methodist ministers who founded churches and held services from district to district
Only able to hold one service per month
Richard Allen-is the first bishop of the African Methodist Episcopal (A.M.E) Church

7. Spread of Baptist Churches
Free Africans founded the Springfield Baptist Church in Augusta
First African Baptist Church in Savannah was founded by Andrew Bryan in 1788

8. Spread of Baptist and Methodist Churches
Slavery caused division
Methodists in the South formed the Methodist Episcopal Church
Baptists in the South formed the Southern Baptist Convention when mission board would not allow slave owners to be missionaries

9. Cotton Gin Invented by Eli Whitney in 1793
Separated cotton from the seeds
Increased profits from growing cotton
Helped to turn the South into “King Cotton,” largest cotton exporter in the world
Half of the population of Georgia was an African living in slavery

10. Railroads
Major economic development that reduced travel time for passengers and freight
Atlanta was once called Terminus-end of a railroad line

11. Alexander McGillivray
He was bi-racial: mother was a Creek Indian/father was Scottish Highlander that arrived here with Oglethorpe
Received benefits of both cultures: English education and leader in Creek society
Oconee War-conflict between settlers moving into Creek land and tribes led by Chief McGillivray

12. Treaty of New York
President Washington asked Chief McGillivray to come to New York where they talked and exchanged gifts
Chief McGillivray signed the Treaty of New York-Creek gave up their land east of the Oconee River

13. Headright System
Gave thousands of land to soldiers who had fought during the Revolution (Austin Dabney)
Land taken from Creek were redistributed by the headright system
Heads of household (white men over the age 21) could receive up to 200 acres of land
Men who had families or slaves received even more
Ended when too many people applied and there was not enough land to offer

14. Yazoo Land Fraud
1795, GA’s western boundaries were the Miss. River and the Yazoo River (present day Miss. and Alabama)
Four land companies bribed the General Assembly and the governor to pass a bill allowing them to buy western lands
Bought 35 to 50 million acres for $500,000 (1 cent an acre)
Public found out and they were voted out of office

15. Yazoo Land Fraud
Federal government resolved the matter and paid $4 million to settle Yazoo land claims
1802, Georgia gave up its land west of the Chattahoochee River to the federal government

16. Land Lotteries Land redistributed was west of the Oconee River
Any white male 21 years or older could buy a chance and, on the spin of a wheel, win land
Heads of households with children, war veterans, and widows were given extra chances

17. William McIntosh
As more and more land was ceded, Creek tribes became separated
1825, Chief McIntosh and his first cousin Governor George Troup created Treaty of Indian Springs-ceded the last Creek lands in Georgia to the federal government

18. Sequoyah
He was bi-racial: father was a Virginia scout/mother was a Cherokee princess
1809, created a syllabary-group of symbols that stand for whole syllables
Cherokee were the first tribe to have their language in written form
1830, 90% of Cherokee could read/write

19. Dahlonega Gold Rush 1829, gold was discovered on Cherokee land
Legislature passed a law that placed land under state control
Cherokee laws were null and void, no Cherokee could speak against white men in court of law
Refused Cherokee right to gold mined in their land

20. John Ross Principal chief of the Cherokee Nation
Attempted to protect Cherokee from being removed from the Southeast

21. Andrew Jackson
1830, President assisted Congress in the passing of the Indian Removal Act

22. Worcester vs. Georgia
White men were not allowed to be on Cherokee land without permission
Samuel Worcester was a missionary that refused to leave Cherokee land
Worcester and others were arrested, he took his case to the Supreme Court
Chief Justice John Marshall and Supreme Court decided that Cherokee were not subject to state law

23. Worcester vs. Georgia
Andrew Jackson stated: “John Marshall has made this decision, let see him enforce it.”
Andrew Jackson refused to honor the Supreme Courts decision and the Cherokee were eventually removed from Georgia

24. Trail of Tears
President Martin Van Buren ordered the U.S. Army to forcefully remove the Cherokee from Georgia
Led by General Winfield Scott, the army rounded up as many Cherokee as they could find
Army forced the Cherokee to march to Oklahoma
4,000 died of disease and exposure as they walked to the Southwest