1. Ch. 16 Reading Quiz
What is the name given to the roaring religious revival that occurred in the U.S. beginning around 1800?
What religious sect eventually settled in Salt Lake City, Utah?
What was the name of the Yale-educated Connecticut man who published his American dictionary in 1828?
What “institutions” did Dorothea Dix reform?
Where did the first “Woman’s Rights Convention” take place in 1848?

2. The Ferment of Reform and Culture
Religion, Education, and Women

3. THE SECOND GREAT AWAKENING
What was the First Great Awakening?
Revival of deep spiritualism in the 1740’s
Belief in being “born again” in God
What was the SGA?
Refers to a spiritual movement of evangelization
Driving force behind new religious and cultural movements
Religion in America in early 18th Century
75% of 23 mil Americans attend church
Major theological trend – Congregationalism
Revivals and public displays of religion

4. Second Great Awakening Revival Meeting

5. Social Reforms & Redefining the Ideal of Equality
The Second Great
Awakening
Religious Revivalism
Social Reforms & Redefining the Ideal of Equality
Temperance
Education
Abolitionism
Asylum & Penal Reform
Women’s Rights

6. “The Benevolent Empire”: 1825 - 1846

7. Liberalism and Religion
Tidal wave of spiritualism around 1800
Need to evangelize the savage West
Methodists and Baptists
“Personal conversion”
Catholic rejection of “personal interpretation”
German and Irish Immigrants

8. Development of New Religious Sects Religious Revival Meeting
“Burned-Over” District
Western NY
No “fuel” left to “burn”
“Fire and Brim-stone” sermons
Shaker Meeting
Religious Revival Meeting

9. The “Burned-Over” District in Upstate New York

10. Adventists--Millerism
Founder: William Miller, Baptist preacher
Started in 1833
Believed the world would end on Oct. 22, 1844
“Great Disappointment”

11. The Mormons (The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-Day Saints)
1823  Golden Tablets
1830  Book of Mormon
1844  Smith murdered in Carthage, IL
Joseph Smith ( )

12. Violence Against Mormons

13. The Mormon “Trek”

14. Utopian Communities

15. Mother Ann Lee (1736-1784) The Shakers Began in England (1747)
Lee brought the sect to America in 1774
Settled in Central and Western NY
Beliefs:
Sex was the main cause of sin, and must be avoided
Christ’s second coming would be in woman form
By “shaking” the body is purged of sin
Very determined evangelization

16. Shaker Meeting

17. Shaker Hymn
'Tis the gift to be simple, 'Tis the gift to be free, 'Tis the gift to come down where you ought to be, And when we find ourselves in the place just right, 'Twill be in the valley of love and delight. When true simplicity is gained To bow and to bend we shan't be ashamed, To turn, turn will be our delight, 'Till by turning, turning we come round right.

18. John Humphrey Noyes (1811-1886)
The Oneida Community
(New York, 1848)
Millenarianism --> the 2nd coming of Christ had already occurred or will occur soon.
- Humans were no longer obliged to follow the moral rules of the past.
All residents married to each other.
All children raised by community.
John Humphrey Noyes ( )

19. Brook Farm West Roxbury, MA
George Ripley ( )
Brook Farm West Roxbury, MA

20. “Village of Cooperation”
Robert Owen ( )
Utopian Socialist
“Village of Cooperation”

21. Original Plans for New Harmony, IN

22. Impact of SGA on America
Firmly instilled religion into Americans
First true “American” religions
Social Issues ingrained in religious organizations
Poverty, living conditions, education, mental institutions, orphanages, prison reforms, etc.

23. Public Education Initially supported by wealthy
1825 – 1850: Tax supported public schools
Development of Catholic School System
Noah Webster
Dictionary helps to standardize American – English
Higher Education
Slow start – Liberal Arts Colleges

24. Educational Reform
- MA  always on the forefront of public educational reform * 1st state to establish tax support for local public schools (1643)
- By 1860: every state offered free public education to whites * US had one of the highest literacy rates.
Where do you suppose we rank today in the world for literacy rate??

25. Horace Mann (1796-1859) - established state teacher- training programs
“Father of
American Education”
- children should be “molded” into a state of perfection
- discouraged corporal punishment
- established state teacher- training programs

26. The McGuffey Eclectic Readers
- Used religious parables to teach “American values.”
- Taught middle class morality and respect for order.
- Teach “3 Rs” + “Protestant ethic” (frugality, hard work, sobriety)

27. Women Educators - Troy, NY Female Seminary
- curriculum: math, physics, history, geography.
- train female teachers
Emma Willard ( )
 she established Mt. Holyoke [So. Hadley, MA] as the first college for women.
Mary Lyons ( )

28. Institutional Reforms
Prison Reforms:
Less capital crimes and harsh punishments
Shift from punishment to rehabilitation
Eventual abolishment of debtors’ prisons
Attempts to keep mentally handicapped out

29. Asylum Reform Dorothea Dix (1802-1887)
Reported on dire state of mental institutions
Developed American asylum system

30. Dorothea Dix Asylum (1849)

31. 1826 - American Temperance Society “Demon Rum”
Temperance Movement
American Temperance Society “Demon Rum”
Frances Willard
The Beecher Family

32. Annual Consumption of Alcohol

33. Early 19c Women Unable to vote. Legal status of a minor.
Single  could own her own property.
Married  no control over her property or her children.
Could not initiate divorce.
Could not make wills, sign a contract, or bring suit in court without her husband’s permission.

34. Women’s Rights Cult of Domesticity –“Republican Motherhood” Mott
Stanton
Anthony
Cult of Domesticity –“Republican Motherhood”
Viewed as weaker sex
Primarily homemakers
Lucretia Mott – Elizabeth Cady Stanton – Susan B. Anthony
Organizers of the Seneca Falls Convention 1848
Declaration of Sentiments
Resolution demanding full suffrage

35. Seneca Falls Declaration

36. What It Would Be Like If Ladies Had Their Own Way!