1. Chemistry Review Matter: Takes up space and has volume
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Matter: Takes up space and has volume
Element: Different types of matter
Atom: Smallest example of an element
Protons: + , 1amu , nucleus
Neutrons: no charge , 1amu, nucleus
Electron: - , not significant, electron cloud

2. Chemistry Review Atomic #: number of protons (electron if neutral)
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Atomic #: number of protons (electron if neutral)
Atomic Mass: protons + neutrons
Unique symbol
Isotope: same element, different # neutrons.
Ion: different number of electrons

4. The Properties of Water

5. Types of chemical bonds
IONIC BONDS: transfer electrons ex. NaCl-Sodium Chloride

6. COVALENT BONDS -Share electrons equally.
ex. H2

7. Size/electronegativity relationship

8. Polar Covalent bond
Share electrons unequally.
ex. H2O

9. HYDROGEN BOND- weak attraction between the positive end of one water molecule and the negative end of another water molecule. ex. H2O-H2O

10. Water
Water is a polar molecule because electrons spend more time near the oxygen, making the O slightly negative and the H slightly positive.
Properties of water:
Adhesion: The attractive force between molecules of different materials. Ex: water drop on glass.
Cohesion: The attractive force between molecules of the same material. Ex: cohesion between water molecules

11. adhesion and cohesion cause:
Capillary action – waters moves up against gravity.
Surface tension: the cohesion of water molecules at the surface of a body of water.

12. High specific heat- Takes a lot of heat to raise the temperature of water and a lot of heat must be lost to lower its temperature.

14. Expands upon freezing- At 4ºC, it expands forming hexagonal ice crystals which make it less dense than liquid water
The floating ice is an insulator between the water and cold air

15. Universal solvent -because of the slight charges, there is attraction to other molecules, giving water the ability to dissolve molecules.

16. pH scale Indicates the acidity or alkalinity (basic) of a solution.
Acid = High H+ concentration
HCl  H+ + Cl-
Basic = Low H+ concentration
NaOH  Na+ + OH-

18. Properties of Water Lab
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Part I : Hold tight
How much water (mL) is in a drop of what?
Comparing substances
Part II : Who’s the hottest? ( Class Demo)
Which heats up fast sand vs. water
Part III: Temperature vs Solubility
Does different temperatures dissolve different amounts.
Part IV: Temperature vs. Density