1. Grouping & Identifying Living Things By: Prof. Anjum
Classification
Grouping & Identifying Living Things
By: Prof. Anjum

2. Why classify? Think of three examples where we group things.
Why do we group these things?

3. Crieteria for Animal Classification
Number of germ layers
Animal Body plan
Body symmetry
Body cavity/ coelom
Body segmentation
Body Support

4. Number of germ layers
Diploplastic
Triploblastic

5. Animal Body plan Cell Aggregate plan Blind sac body plan
Tube within tube body plan

6. Body symmetry

7. Body cavity/ coelom

8. Body segmentation

9. Body Support
Endoskeleton Exoskeleton

10. Classifying Living Things
We put livings things into two large groups:
Animals
Plants

11. Animals Animals are spilt into two major groups: Non -Chordates

12. Non- Chordates

13. Non- Chordates These are animals without a backbone
There are 10 Phylums of invertebrates
Porifera
Cnidaria
Ctenophora
Platyhelminthes
Aschelminthes
Annelida
Arthropods
Mollusca
Echinoderms
Hemichordata

14. Porifera Pore bearing organisms Mostly marine/ freshwater Pores- ostia
Cell aggregate plan

15. Cnidarians Have thin sack like bodies Have tentacles Marine
Blind sac body plan
Eg- corals

16. Ctenophora Marine Radially symmetrical Spherical body Bioluminiscence
Eg: Ctenoplana, Pleurobrachia

17. Molluscas Crawl on a single fleshy pad. Can have a shell Marine
Bilaterally symmetrical
Oviparous

18. Platyhelminthes/Flatworms
Have flat worm like bodies
Bilaterally symmetrical
Endoparasites
Hermaphrodite

19. Annelids
Have round worm like bodies
Have bodies divided into segments

20. Roundworms Have long thin round worm like bodies
Have bodies with no segments

21. Echinoderms Have bodies divided into five parts
Have spiny outer covering

22. Hemichordata Half Chordata Marine Unsegmented Worm like
Eg: Balanoglossus, Rhabdopleura, Magnified Zooid

23. Phylum Chordata

24. Sub-Phylum Urochordata
Called Tunicates
Notochord present in tail of larva
Lost during metamorphosis
Marine
Eg: Herdmania, Salpa, Doliolum

25. Sub-phylum Cephalochordata
Called lancelets, small fishes like
Marine sediments
Notochord throughout body and life
Eg: Amphioxus

26. Sub-Phylum Vertebrata

27. Class Cyclostomata Jawless eel like Ectoparasites
Eg: Petromyzon, Myxine

28. Division Gnathostomata

29. Superclass pisces Class – Chondrichthyes- cartilage- marine
Class – Osteichthyes-bone-marine/ fresh

30. Pisces Fish
Have wet scales
Lays eggs in water
Lives in water

31. Superclass Tetrapoda Class- Amphibia Class – Reptilia Class- Aves
Class- Mammalia

32. Amphibians Have moist skin Lay jelly coated eggs in water
Lives on land and water

33. Reptiles
Have dry scales
Lay leathery shelled eggs
Cold blooded

34. Aves-Birds Have feathers and hollow bones Lay hard shelled eggs
Warm blooded

35. Mammals Have hair and produce milk
Give birth to live offspring (no eggs)
Warm blooded

36. Summary of Vertebrates