1. Classifying Living Organisms
Domains and Kingdoms

2. Carolus Linnaeus’ Classification System
Swedish botanist ( )
Binomial Nomenclature –
two-part scientific name
Genus species
Why Latin?
Latin was the language known universally by the educated
Also used as a descriptor

3. Carolus Linneaus
Kingdom
Phylum
Class
Order
Family
Genus
species

4. Common Names for Lutjanus griseus
gray silk
mangrove snapper
mangrove pargue
mango snapper
pargue
black pargue
black snapper
lawyer
silk
snapper

5. Avoiding common names Cougar Cat Gato Koshka Mountain Lion Chien kitty
Puma
Catamount
Panther

6. Classifying by Relationship
Kingdom Animalia Animalia Animalia
Phylum Chordata Chordata Chordata
Class Mammalia Mammalia Mammalia
Order Carnivora Carnivora Carnivora
Family Canidae Canidae Felidae
Genus Canis Canis Felis
species familiaris latrans domesticus

7. Domains

8. 6 Kingdoms of Living Things
Archaebacteria
Eubacteria
Protista
Fungi
Plantae
Animalia

9. Domain Archaea or Kingdom Archaebacteria
Prokaryote
unicellular
Often do not need oxygen
Live in harsh environments; classified base on where they live (such as thermal vents deep in ocean, salt-lakes, acidic environments, some even in ice!)

10. Domain or Kingdom: Bacteria
Prokaryote
unicellular
Often do need oxygen
Live and feed by decomposing other cells.
Some can do photosynthesis.
Cell walls made of peptidoglycan.
video

11. Baceria Shapes 1. Bacilli: - Rod-shaped 2. Cocci: - Spherical (round
like a coconut)
3. Spirilla:
- Long and spiral
shaped.

12. Heterotrophic Bacteria
1. Free-living consumers: E. coli
Azobacter converts initrogen into ammonium, making it available for plant use; E. coli lives in your colon, feeds on your waste and makes vitamin K for you.
2. Parasitic: Always needs an organism to get food or shelter (host): Impetigo is caused by strains Staphylococcus aureus or Streptococcus pyogenes.
3. Decomposers: Pseudomonas bacteria in the soil recycles dead plants and animals by turning them into minerals and nutrients that plants and microbes can use.

13. Autotrophic Bacteria
Producers -> Use sunlight to make food and are often green.
Example:
Cyanobacteria: Blue-green algae
Lives in water
Has chlorophyll (green pigment for photosynthesis)
Some others have blue or red pigment.
Red Pigmentgive the flamingo that coloration.

14. Domain Eukaryota Eukaryote Unicellular or multicellular
Includes Kingdom Animalia, KingdomPlantae, Kingdom Fungi and Protista.

15. Protist Kingdoms Eukaryote Unicellular Heterotroph or Autotroph
No cell walls in Protozoa

16. Protista includes Protozoa of 4 main groups: classified based on movement

17. Protista includes several types of Algae and Seaweed classified based on chemical criteria (PS pigments)

18. Kingdom Plantae Eukaryote multicellular Autotrophs: Photosynthesis
Strong cell walls made of cellulose

19. 4 Main Divisions of Plants

20. Kingdom Fungi Eukaryote Multicellular or possibly unicellular
Heterotroph: absorb nutrients from decomposing organisms
Cell walls made of protein (chitin), not cellulose
video

21. Fungi are classified by how they make SPORES

22. 9 Major Animal Phyla Porifera (sponges) Cnidaria (jellyfish)
Platyhelminthes (flatworms)
Nematoda (roundworms)
Annelida (segmentedworms)
Mollusca (snails, clams, squid)
Arthropoda (insects, crabs)
Echinodermata (starfish)
Chordata (vertebrates)

23. Kingdom Animalia Eukaryote multicellular
Heterotroph: eat other organisms
Cells lack cell walls

24. VIRUS: NOT A KINGDOM!!

25. What is a virus?
Non-living particle, smaller than a cell that can infect living organisms (hosts).
Structure of Virus:
Capsid (Protein coat)
Genetic Material (DNA
or RNA)
Protein coat that matches with their host only.

26. How to Classify Viruses
By their shape
Type of disease they cause.
Kind of genetic material they have (DNA, RNA)

27. Shapes: Cylinders Spheres Crystals Spacecraft
Ex. Tobacco mosaic virus, attacks tobacco plants.
Spheres
Ex. Influenza virus
Crystals
Ex. Polio Virus
Spacecraft
- Attacks only bacteria.

28. Lytic Cycle
Process used by virus using a cell to make more of their kind.

29. Lysogenic Cycle

30. Are virus alive? There is no cure, only a treatment.
Don’t eat, grow, or break down food.
They are not made of cells.
They need a host cell to reproduce.
There is no cure, only a treatment.
Antibiotics DO NOT kill viruses
Antiviral medications only stop viruses from reproducing.