1. Unit 7: Growing Pains & Gains Industrial Revolution 1840 – 1920
Was the rise of industry good for the United States?

2. Goals
Describe the factors that allowed the Industrial Revolution to occur in the U.S.
Understand the pros/cons of the Industrial Revolution.
Understand how laborers responded to issues that arose during the Industrial Revolution.
Connect immigration policies during the Industrial Revolution to immigration policies today.
Identify how segregation still exists today.

3. Targets
What were the factors that enabled the U.S. to become an industrial power?
What were some of the different responses of labor to industrialism?
How did industrialism change where people lived? What issues arose from this? Do we still see these issues today?

4. Warm-Up
Think about this question: What are the three most important innovations, or inventions, of your lifetime?

5. Photo Analysis What’s your overall impression of the photo?
What details do you see?
3 columns
People Objects Activities

7. Fair Labor Standards Act of 1938
Minimum wage
Working day/overtime pay
Most importantly…
Child labor laws
Law today:

8. How/why did the Industrial Revolution happen?
Economics
Supply/Demand
As people start earning a steady wage, demand for products goes up and so to keep up companies increase supply
What does increased demand lead to?
Innovation  technology
What were some advances in technology during this time?
Rise of oil
Edwin Drake hits oil in Pennsylvania in 1859.
Rise of steel
Henry Bessemer developed new method of making steel that was cheaper/quicker

9. How/why did the Industrial Revolution happen?
Assembly line further developed by Henry Ford in early 1900s
Government policy
What was it during this time?
Laissez-faire  What’s this mean?
Social Darwinism  what’s this mean?
What did the government actually do?
Helped big business…
How?
Gave land away to RR companies
Sold natural resources to cheap prices
Tariffs on foreign goods

10. What influence did the government have?
Formation of Corporations
What’s the significance?
How does this affect small business?
Monopolies form
What’s a monopoly?
Why is this an issue?
Think about the game… company that gains complete control of a market… they then can set whatever price they want…
Trusts
What are trusts?
Small group of companies that are involved in the same market (like automobiles) that agree to set prices together. This limits the ability of the consumer to shop for the best product at the best price.
How did these corporations become so large/powerful?
Vertical integration  (Carnegie – Steel)
Taking over all of the steps of production (buy out companies that you have to buy from to complete your product so that you can reduce costs)
Horizontal integration  (Rockefeller - Oil)
Taking over any company that makes your product or a similar product to cut out competition

11. What were some consequences?
Pollution
Child labor
Tenement living  what was this?
Small living quarters, pack many individuals into one apartment… lucky if have running water
Rise of middle class
Rise of urbanization
Increased social stratification
Women enter work force
Rise of labor unions
Increased regulation of market

12. City Conditions Dr. Southwood-Smith
“Uncovered sewers, stagnant ditches and ponds, gutters always full of putrefying matter… it is not possible for any language to convey an adequate conception of the poisonous condition in which large portions of both these districts always remain… from the masses of putrefying matter which are allowed to accumulate.”
(sign me up for a post honeymoon trip!)

13. Labor Unions Union Goals Members Strategies Knights of Labor
American Federation of Labor
Industrial Workers of the World

14. Labor Unions Union Goals Members Strategies Knights of Labor 8 hr day
No child labor
Regulation of trusts
= pay men/women
Educate working class
Skilled/unskilled workers
Women
African Americans
Arbitration
Boycotts
Strikes
American Federation of Labor
Increased wages
Improved work conditions
Limitation of work hrs
Recognition of union
Skilled workers of particular trade
Negotiation
Industrial Workers of the World
Organization of all workers into single union
Overthrow capitalism
Lumberman
Miners
Textile workers
Dockworkers
Sabotage

15. Early Strikes Strike Reason for Strike Outcome Railroad Strike of 1877
Workers sought out increased wages
Strike shut down ½ nation’s RR
President Hayes sent in army to squash strike
Homestead Strike
Pullman Strike

16. Early Strikes Strike Who was Striking Outcome Railroad Strike of 1877
Workers sought out increased wages
Strike shut down ½ nation’s RR
President Hayes sent in army to squash strike
Homestead Strike of 1892
Iron & steel workers
Carnegie sent guards
Strikers angered fought w/guards
9 strikers dead
Nonunion workers hired
Pullman Strike of 1894
Pullman Palace Car Company employees
Workers struck against company b/c unfair policies in company town
American Railway Union supported strike & shutdown railways
President Cleveland sent in army to squash strike

17. Sherman Anti-Trust Act of 1890
Trusts, monopolies, & other forms of business that restrict trade are illegal
Now examined by the Federal Trade Commission

18. Was the rise of industry good for the United States?
Recap
If you were alive during the U.S. Industrial Revolution, what would you most likely be doing right now? When would you have started this?
Describe city life.
Describe factory conditions.
Was the rise of industry good for the United States?