1. Russia

2. Duchy of Muscovy (княжество Московское)

4. Roots of Russian Absolutism
First Czar, Ivan the Terrible, died in 1584
During the “Time of Troubles” ( ) nobles elected czars who promised to respect nobles’ privileges
Nat’l Assembly elected boy czar Michael Romanov in 1613
Crest of Romanov Dynasty

5. Roots of Russian Absolutism
Romanovs soon began to eliminate representative institutions and establish themselves as absolutists
Peasant revolt led by Stephen Razin in 1671 resulted in repression of the peasantry
By 1675, Russian serfs were no longer “bound to the soil” like they were in Prussia, Poland, Bohemia

6. Peter the Great Became czar in 1682
Spent time in Holland and England as a young man
Became determined to introduce Western technology and governmental organization to Russia
Sought a warm water port

7. Peter the Great
Unsuccessful campaigns against the Ottomans in Black Sea region caused him to look north
Sweden was the main obstacle to Russian expansion there
After initial setbacks, Swedes were defeated at Poltava in 1709
Great Northern War ended in 1721 and earned Russia St. Petersburg