1. Childhood Social Development

2. ATTACHMENT Emotional ties that form between people
8 months: stranger anxiety & separation anxiety

3. Attachment Differences
Placed in a strange situation, 60% of children express secure attachment, i.e., they explore their environment happily in the presence of their mothers. When their mother leave, they show distress.

4. Secure Attachment
Relaxed and attentive caregiving becomes the backbone of secure attachment.

5. Deprivation of Attachment
Children become withdrawn, frightened and unable to develop speech
If parental or caregiving support is deprived for an extended period of time, children are at risk for physical, psychological, and social problems, including alterations in brain serotonin levels

6. Harry Harlow
Contact Comfort: instinctual need to touch and be touched by something soft

7. Harry Harlow
Infants bond with surrogate mothers because of bodily contact and not because of nourishment

8. ATTACHMENT
Imprinting: process by which some animals form immediate attachments during a critical period (Konrad Lorenz)
Secure children are happier, friendlier, and more cooperative
When caregivers are unresponsive, children are usually insecure

9. STYLES OF PARENTING
Warm: parents show a great deal of affection; children are well adjusted
Cold: parents show no love; children are more interested in escaping punishment
Strict: cannot tolerate disorder; teach self-discipline; military-like

10. STYLES OF PARENTING
Permissive: parents are less concerned or have little time to monitor children’s activities
Authoritative: warm and positively strict; children are independent and achievement oriented
Authoritarian: strict and cold: children are defiant or dependent on adults

11. SELF-ESTEEM Value or worth that people attach to themselves
Unconditional Positive Regard: parents love and accept their children for who they are, no matter how they behave
Conditional Positive Regard: parents show love only when the children behave in certain acceptable ways