1. Welcome to the VMC Club Meeting
Safety and Proficiency through Education and Experience

2. Today’s Quiz of the Month
Intercepts and TFRs

3. Presentation Today’s discussion is based on a presentation submitted
by Karen Kalishek
Green Bay, WI
EAA/IMC Club Leader
Presentation

4. Intercepts & TFRs How many types of TFRs are in CFR 91? Five Eight
Fifteen
One hundred thirty two

5. Intercepts & TFRs How many types of TFRs are in CFR 91? Five Eight
Fifteen
One hundred thirty two

6. Intercepts & TFRs How many types of TFRs are in CFR 91?
91.137, TFR in the Vicinity of Disaster/Hazard Areas - to protect persons or property, on the ground or in the air, from a specific hazard
91.137a(2): to provide a safe environment for the operation of disaster relief aircraft. Unlike most other TFRs, restrictions might not be circular in shape.
91.137a(3): to prevent the unsafe congestion of sightseeing aircraft above disaster/hazard incidents of limited duration, such as aircraft accident sites
Temporary Flight Restrictions in National Disaster Areas in the State of Hawaii.
Flight Restrictions in the Proximity of the Presidential and Other Parties.
Flight Limitations in the Proximity of Space Flight Operations.

7. Intercepts & TFRs How many types of TFRs are in CFR 91?
Management of Aircraft Operations in the Vicinity of Aerial Demonstrations and Major Sporting Events.
For aerial demonstrations, the TFR will normally be limited to a five NM radius up to 17,000 MSL (or 13,000 feet AGL for parachute demonstrations). For sporting events, the TFR will normally be limited to a three NM radius and 2,500 feet AGL.

8. Intercepts & TFRs How many types of TFRs are in CFR 91?
99.7 Special Security Instructions - allows the FAA to issue specific restrictions in the interest of national security. A standing notice under 99.7 advises pilots to avoid the airspace above, or in proximity to, sites such as nuclear power plants, power plants, dams, refineries, industrial complexes, military installations, and other similar facilities is also the basis for restrictions around certain sporting facilities (the “Sports NOTAM”). Except for limited cases, aircraft and parachute operations are prohibited at and below 3,000 feet AGL within three NM of any stadium having a seating capacity of 30,000 or more people in which specified major sporting events are taking place. Restrictions are in effect one hour prior scheduled time of the event until one hour after the end. Restrictions issued under section 99.7 may vary dramatically in size, and there is no standard configuration.

9. Approximately how many TFR violations occur in the U.S. each year?
Intercepts & TFRs
100
300
500
1000

10. Approximately how many TFR violations occur in the U.S. each year?
Intercepts & TFRs
100
300
500 (source: AOPA 2015)
1000

11. Approximately how many TFR violations occur in the U.S. each year?
Intercepts & TFRs
About one every six hours
(source: NORAD presentation)

12. In which of the following ways could you be punished for violating a TFR?
Intercepts & TFRs
Criminally
Pilot certificate suspension
Pilot certificate revocation
Civil penalty
All of the above

13. In which of the following ways could you be punished for violating a TFR?
Intercepts & TFRs
Criminally
Pilot certificate suspension
Pilot certificate revocation
Civil penalty
All of the above

14. In which of the following ways could you be punished for violating a TFR?
Intercepts & TFRs
Criminally - you can be criminally punished up to a maximum of one year in federal prison and a $100,000 fine
Pilot certificate suspension
Pilot certificate revocation
Civil penalty - you can receive a civil penalty by itself or on-top of the $100,000 fine
All of the above

15. You could be charged with multiple violations for one flight.
Intercepts & TFRs
14 CFR   requires conducting a pre-flight check of all available information before a flight
Example: A pilot was charged with a violation of both & Temporary Flight Restrictions in the Vicinity of Disaster/Hazard Areas, for the same flight by the FAA.
There were only two options: either the pilot did NOT check for TFRs (a violation of the FARs) or the pilot did check and intentionally went into the TFR (a violation of federal criminal code)

16. Intercepts & TFRs
Presidential TFR’s

17. Intercepts & TFRs A “Typical” Presidential TFR Altitude ??? Surface
Inner Zone
??NM
Outer Zone
Surface
Altitude
???

18. Intercepts & TFRs A “Typical” Presidential TFR Altitude FL 180 Surface
Inner Zone
20NM
Outer Zone
60NM
Surface
Altitude
FL 180

19. Inner Zone Intercepts & TFRs Outer Zone Where can I Operate?
Generally speaking, you may not operate within the inner zone.
Outer Zone
Operations in the outer zone are subject to several conditions.
You must be on an IFR or VFR flight plan.
You must be in radio communications with ATC.
You must be squawking a discrete transponder code.
You must be conducting an approved operation.
NOTE:
This procedure seems to change, on occasion. Consult NOTAM’s and always get a briefing.

20. Intercepts & TFRs How do I enter the TFR? On the Ground:
File a Flight Plan.
Call Clearance Delivery, if available.
Call Flight Services if CD is not available.
Use an RCO if available.
Use the phone if you must (call ).
Squawk your discrete code before takeoff.
Squawk your code until all the way to the ground.
Close your flight plan!!!

21. Intercepts & TFRs How do I enter the TFR? Airborne:
File a Flight Plan.
Contact ATC prior to entry.
ATC may pass you off to the controlling facility.
Squawk your discrete code.
Ensure you are RADAR identified before penetrating the outer area.
Squawk your code all the way to the ground.
Close your flight plan!!!

22. Intercepts & TFRs Plane That Caused Capitol Evacuation
Reports by Alec Russell in Washington
12:05AM BST 09 Jul 2004
Intercepts & TFRs
US Air Force jets were only minutes away from shooting down an aircraft carrying a senior politician after it entered restricted airspace over Washington (…).
The senior general at the North American Aerospace Defense Command, or NORAD, was on the telephone and prepared to order an F16 fighter to bring down the aircraft after it crossed deep into a no-fly zone around Washington (…)
He did not give the order because cloud cover initially prevented the fighter pilot from identifying the target, the officials said.
The crisis was averted at the last minute when the aircraft turned to land at Reagan National Airport, (…). The Beechcraft was carrying Ernie Fletcher, the governor of Kentucky, to Ronald Reagan's funeral.

23. Intercept Procedures Intercepts & TFRs
How do you know when you’ve been intercepted?
What are your immediate actions?
How to communicate?
Intercept Procedures

24. What types of aircraft are used for intercepts?
Have I been intercepted?
Intercepts & TFRs
What types of aircraft are used for intercepts?
Military: fighter jets, helicopters
Law Enforcement: business jets
Signs of Intercept
Official aircraft operating in your vicinity.
Aircraft flying in formation with you.
Aircraft dispensing flares.

25. What will the interceptor do initially during a night intercept and how should you respond?
Intercepts & TFRs
Interceptor – flash landing light;
You – turn on landing light
Interceptor – flash navigation lights;
You – flash landing light
Interceptor – turn on landing light;
You – flash navigation lights

26. What will the interceptor do initially during a night intercept and how should you respond?
Intercepts & TFRs
Interceptor – flash landing light;
You – turn on landing light
Interceptor – flash navigation lights; You – flash landing light
Interceptor – turn on landing light; You – flash navigation lights
Interceptor – flash navigation lights; You – flash navigation lights

27. During a night intercept how will the interceptor approach your aircraft?
Intercepts & TFRs
Level at your altitude
From above your flightpath
From below your flightpath
Level at your altitude, from your left

28. During a night intercept how will the interceptor approach your aircraft?
Intercepts & TFRs
Level at your altitude
From above your flightpath
From below your flightpath
Level at your altitude, from your left

29. How many interceptors will be in your vicinity for the intercept, and how many will you typically see?
Intercepts & TFRs
One, one
Two, two
Two, one
Three, two

30. How many interceptors will be in your vicinity for the intercept, and how many will you typically see?
Intercepts & TFRs
One, one
Two, two
Two, one
Three, two

31. Who is responsible for safe separation during the intercept?
Intercepts & TFRs
The fighter pilot
You – see & avoid
ATC
Military controllers

32. Who is responsible for safe separation during the intercept?
Intercepts & TFRs
The fighter pilot
You – see & avoid
ATC
Military controllers

33. Intercept: Immediate Actions
If you think you’ve been intercepted:
Intercepts & TFRs
Follow instruction from Intercepting Aircraft
Instructions from Interceptor overrule instructions from ATC.
Notify ATC
Establish Communications with the aircraft
If you are intercepted by a jet, and you’re flying a slow airplane, use best forward speed

34. Intercept: Immediate Actions
If you think you’ve been intercepted:
Intercepts & TFRs
Should you use a special squawk code, and if so, what?
Yes, 1201
Yes, 7777
Yes, 7700
No, do not change your transponder code

35. Intercept: Immediate Actions
If you think you’ve been intercepted:
Intercepts & TFRs
Should you use a special squawk code, and if so, what?
Yes, 1201
Yes, 7777
Yes, 7700
No, do not change your transponder code

36. Communications Methods
Which of the following are ways that the interceptor will anticipate that you may communicate? (more than one)
Intercepts & TFRs
Voice communications on 122.2
Voice communications on 121.5
Voice communications on 243.0
Using ATC as an intermediary
Using Morse code on 121.5
Flashing your landing light for ‘yes’ (1) and ‘no’ (2)
Hand signs held up to the aircraft window
Other visual communications

37. Communications Methods
Which of the following are ways that the interceptor will anticipate that you may communicate? (more than one)
Intercepts & TFRs
Voice communications on 122.2
Voice communications on 121.5
Voice communications on 243.0
Using ATC as an intermediary
Using Morse code on 121.5
Flashing your landing light for ‘yes’ (1) and ‘no’ (2)
Hand signs held up to the aircraft window
Other visual communications

38. Communications Methods
Which of the following are ways that the interceptor will anticipate that you may communicate? (more than one)
Intercepts & TFRs
Voice communications on 122.2
Voice communications on 121.5
Voice communications on 243.0
Using ATC as an intermediary
Using Morse code on 121.5
Flashing your landing light for ‘yes’ (1) and ‘no’ (2)
Hand signs held up to the aircraft window
Other visual communications

39. Communications Methods
Which of the following are ways that the interceptor will anticipate that you may communicate? (more than one)
Intercepts & TFRs
Voice communications on 122.2
Voice communications on 121.5
Voice communications on 243.0
Using ATC as an intermediary
Using Morse code on 121.5
Flashing your landing light for ‘yes’ (1) and ‘no’ (2)
Hand signs held up to the aircraft window
Other visual communications

40. Communications Methods
Which of the following are ways that the interceptor will anticipate that you may communicate? (more than one)
Intercepts & TFRs
Voice communications on 122.2
Voice communications on 121.5
Voice communications on 243.0
Using ATC as an intermediary
Using Morse code on 121.5
Flashing your landing light for ‘yes’ (1) and ‘no’ (2)
Hand signs held up to the aircraft window
Other visual communications

41. Communications Methods
Which of the following are ways that the interceptor will anticipate that you may communicate? (more than one)
Intercepts & TFRs
Voice communications on 122.2
Voice communications on 121.5
Voice communications on 243.0
Using ATC as an intermediary
Using Morse code on 121.5
Flashing your landing light for ‘yes’ (1) and ‘no’ (2)
Hand signs held up to the aircraft window
Other visual communications

42. Visual Communications
What does it mean when the intercepting aircraft rocks its wings from a position slightly above and ahead of, and normally to the left of, the intercepted aircraft?
Intercepts & TFRs
Descend
You have been intercepted.
Follow Me.
Land at the airport below
Communicate with me

43. Visual Communications
What does it mean when the intercepting aircraft rocks its wings from a position slightly above and ahead of, and normally to the left of, the intercepted aircraft?
Intercepts & TFRs
Descend
You have been intercepted.
Follow Me.
Land at the airport below
Communicate with me

44. Visual Communications
When you have been intercepted, how should you respond? (more than one)
Intercepts & TFRs
Turn 180 degrees to exit the airspace
Immediately descend
Rock your wings
Follow the interceptor

45. Visual Communications
When you have been intercepted, how should you respond? (more than one)
Intercepts & TFRs
Turn 180 degrees to exit the airspace
Immediately descend
Rock your wings
Follow the interceptor

46. Visual Communications
What does it mean when the intercepting aircraft abruptly executes a break-away maneuver from the intercepted aircraft consisting of a climbing turn of 90 degrees or more without crossing the line of flight of the intercepted aircraft.?
Intercepts & TFRs
Intercept over – you may proceed
I am moving into a position to fire
We are not receiving your radio transmissions

47. Visual Communications
What does it mean when the intercepting aircraft abruptly executes a break-away maneuver from the intercepted aircraft consisting of a climbing turn of 90 degrees or more without crossing the line of flight of the intercepted aircraft.?
Intercepts & TFRs
Intercept over – you may proceed
I am moving into a position to fire
We are not receiving your radio transmissions

48. Visual Communications
How do you respond when the intercepting aircraft executes a break-away maneuver?
Intercepts & TFRs
Begin breathing again
Rock your wings to acknowledge
Land at the nearest airport and anticipate being met by law enforcement
Continue on course

49. Visual Communications
How do you respond when the intercepting aircraft executes a break-away maneuver?
Intercepts & TFRs
Begin breathing again
Rock your wings to acknowledge
Land at the nearest airport and anticipate being met by law enforcement
Continue on course

50. Visual Communications
When the interceptor circles an airport, lowering landing gear overflying runway in direction of landing, how do you respond? (more than one)
Intercepts & TFRs
Flash your landing light randomly
Lower your gear (if retractable)
Overfly the runway
Rock your wings
If the runway is safe, land

51. Visual Communications
When the interceptor circles an airport, lowering landing gear overflying runway in direction of landing, how do you respond? (more than one)
Intercepts & TFRs
Flash your landing light randomly
Lower your gear (if retractable)
Overfly the runway
Rock your wings
If the runway is safe, land

52. Visual Communications
When the interceptor circles an airport, lowering landing gear overflying runway in direction of landing, how do you respond? (more than one)
Intercepts & TFRs
Flash your landing light randomly
Lower your gear (if retractable)
Overfly the runway
Rock your wings
If the runway is safe, land

53. Visual Communications
When the interceptor circles an airport, lowering landing gear overflying runway in direction of landing, how do you respond? (more than one)
Intercepts & TFRs
Flash your landing light randomly
Lower your gear (if retractable)
Overfly the runway
Rock your wings
If the runway is safe, land

54. Visual Communications
If you can’t land at that airport
Intercepts & TFRs
Raise your landing gear (if retractable)
Continue to circle the landing surface
and… ?

55. Visual Communications
If you can’t land at that airport
Intercepts & TFRs
Flash landing lights while passing over the landing surface at more than ___ ft but not exceeding ___ ft AGL
800, 1500
1000 , 2000
1250 , 1800
750 , 1750

56. Visual Communications
If you can’t land at that airport
Intercepts & TFRs
Flash landing lights while passing over the landing surface at more than ___ ft but not exceeding ___ ft AGL
800, 1500
1000 , 2000
1250 , 1800
750 , 1750

57. Visual Communications
What if you cannot comply with a request?
Intercepts & TFRs
Rock your wings in a regular pattern
Rock your wings in an irregular pattern
Flash all light in an irregular pattern
Flash all lights in a regular pattern

58. Visual Communications
What if you cannot comply with a request?
Intercepts & TFRs
Rock your wings in a regular pattern
Rock your wings in an irregular pattern
Flash all light in an irregular pattern
Flash all lights in a regular pattern

59. Visual Communications
What if you are in distress?
Intercepts & TFRs
Pitch up and down in a regular pattern
Rock your wings in an irregular pattern
Flash all light in an irregular pattern
Flash all lights in a regular pattern

60. Visual Communications
What if you are in distress?
Intercepts & TFRs
Pitch up and down in a regular pattern
Rock your wings in an irregular pattern
Flash all light in an irregular pattern
Flash all lights in a regular pattern

61. Visual Communications
What does it mean and what should you do if the interceptor initiates an abrupt turn across your nose and dispenses flares?
Intercepts & TFRs
Warning! Turn around 180 degrees immediately
Warning! Descend immediately
Warning! Turn now in direction of fighter
Warning! Proceed to the nearest airport

62. Visual Communications
What does it mean and what should you do if the interceptor initiates an abrupt turn across your nose and dispenses flares?
Intercepts & TFRs
Warning! Turn around 180 degrees immediately
Warning! Descend immediately
Warning! Turn now in direction of fighter
Warning! Proceed to the nearest airport

63. Get a briefing before EVERY flight!!!
Disclaimer
The information contained in this presentation may become obsolete.
Your presenter, while well meaning, may provide you with an incomplete or wrong information.
Intercepts & TFRs
Get a briefing before EVERY flight!!!
1-800-WX-BRIEF

64. Intercepts & TFRs
Thank you!