1. BALTIC REGION DEFENCE ENVIRONMENTAL COOPERATION
COL Eduard Latyshev
Environmental Safety of the Russian Armed Forces
BALTIC REGION DEFENCE ENVIRONMENTAL COOPERATION
RUSSIAN PERSPECTIVE
Vilnius, Lithuania
8-10 October, 2003

2. Baltic Sea – Vulnerable Ecosystems
Relatively young water reservoir
Has limited access to the World Ocean
The level of anthropogenic impact is high in the region: more than 50 mil. people live around the Baltic Sea, and this region is one of the most economically developed in the world
The consequences of human activities, including those related to the defence, negatively influence on the sea and living conditions of the inhabitants
Analyzing the current situation some scientists say that the Baltic Sea is very close to irretrievable degradation 2

3. Bilateral Cooperation
Joint US-Russia projects:
Environmental education and training of the military personnel
Oil contamination issues at AF bases
Elimination of adverse consequences of space rocket activities
Joint Germany-Russia projects:
FEDULOVO project (the use of clean-up technologies at a military oil-contaminated site)
Environmental education and training of the military personnel
Mobile environmental truck-mounted laboratory 3

4. Bilateral Cooperation
Cooperation with Norway:
Bilateral environmental management workshops
Cooperation with Sweden:
Bilateral environmental management workshops
Cooperation with NATO:
Bilateral environmental management workshops
Environmental education and training of the military personnel
Cooperation with Finland:
Bilateral environmental management workshops 4

5. Arctic Military Environmental Cooperation (AMEC)
Established in September 1996
Consolidates efforts of Russia,US, Norway and UK in addressing environmental issues related to military activities in the Arctic
Radioactive waste program areas:
spent nuclear fuel management
liquid and solid waste management
radiation monitoring and safety
dismantlement of nuclear submarines
UK joins AMEC.
Official ceremony in London, June 2003
Non-radioactive waste program areas:
remediation technologies
improving environmental
conditions at military bases
in the Arctic
disposal of storage batteries
“clean ship” technologies
Decommissioned submarines stored afloat 5

6. Naval spent nuclear fuel management
Arctic Military Environmental Cooperation (AMEC)
Naval spent nuclear fuel management
Project 1.1 is the development of a prototype cask for interim storage and transport of spent nuclear fuel (SNF) from decommissioned submarines
Project provides a transshipment pad at RTP ATOMFLOT in Murmansk. This pad will be used for temporary storage SNF-loaded casks prior to shipment
Project is the development of drying technologies for SNF subject to storing in the containers developed under Project 1.1
Project is the development of a training system for nuclear fuel off-loading
SNF Prototype Cask
SNF Storage Pad 6

7. Radioactive waste management
Arctic Military Environmental Cooperation (AMEC)
Radioactive waste management
The goal of Project 1.9 is to develop a regional complex at Polyarninsky shipyard (Murmansk region) for pretreatment of solid and liquid RW resulted from the dismantlement of nuclear submarines
Monitoring System
Waste Sorting Table
Complex at Polyarninsky shipyard:
Facilities for solid radioactive waste (Project 1.3) and liquid radioactive waste (Project 1.2)
Solid Waste Container
Storage facility and 400 steel containers for solid radioactive waste (Project 1.4)
Radiation monitoring system and dosimeters (Projects 1.5 and 1.5-1)
Solid Waste Compactor 7

8. Other radioactive projects
Arctic Military Environmental Cooperation (AMEC)
Other radioactive projects
Project 1.6 Spent nuclear fuel (SNF) handling and transfer program: integration and auxiliary equipment
Project 1.7 Development, installation, and demonstration on-board a Russian Navy Northern Fleet vessel of equipment for conducting underwater operations and ecological monitoring in the area of a radiologically and environmentally hazardous object
SNF Cask
Project 1.8 Ensuring of the buoyancy of decommissioned nuclear submarines stored afloat
Project  The use of polystyrene in decommissioned nuclear submarine ballast tanks
Project Design and manufacture of pontoons for safe towage of decommissioned nuclear submarines
Polystyrene Injection Unit 8

9. Submarine dismantlement
Arctic Military Environmental Cooperation (AMEC)
Submarine dismantlement
Project Dismantlement of a multipurpose nuclear submarine with polystyrene in the ballast tanks
Project Exploring alternative cutting technologies to improve safety of submarine dismantlement
Reactor compartment
Submarine dismantlement
Submarine dismantlement 9

10. Arctic Military Environmental Cooperation (AMEC)
Non-radioactive projects
Project 2.1 Remediation methods for released materials at Arctic military sites (the selection of proper and effective technologies for dealing with military hazardous material spills in the Arctic environment)
Project 2.3 Improving environmental conditions at military bases in Arctic regions (the development / review of environmental management plans at three US, RU and NO military sites selected in the Arctic; the implementation of measures in accordance with the developed / reviewed environmental management plans)
Project 2.4 Development of the complex for storage battery disposal 10

11. Future non-radioactive projects
Arctic Military Environmental Cooperation (AMEC)
Future non-radioactive projects
Project Design, construction and testing of an oily wastewater treatment system on a Russian Northern Fleet vessel
Project 2.5 Environmentally friendly corrosion inhibitor
Project 0.1 Development of a centralized AMEC information System (IT-based)
AMEC
Oily wastewater treatment facility 11

12. AMEC Lessons Learned Determine environmental issues of mutual concern
Determine / establish a legal basis for cooperation
The Program can be implemented only in a stable region
Spot sensitive issues before launching any work, i.e. information exchange
Define common legal requirements for cooperation, i.e. tax and duty exception, third party liability, etc.
Establish the effective program management system and appropriate SOPs
In the program planning consider political developments
After the feasibility study is done, explore opportunities to get funds for the second project phase – implementation of technical works
Application of innovative technologies and pilot projects are preferable
Explore domestic and international markets in order to use project results for making the Program self-sustainable 12

13. BARDEC Decision Making
The formal political decision at a high level is preferable, via international agreements between governments or defence establishments
It creates conditions for both higher responsibility of each member-state and financial resources for the program implementation 13

14. Legal Issues
The legal basis plays the main role in financial support of BARDEC
Two possible ways of developing the legal basis:
multilateral BARDEC agreement;
bilateral agreements between member-states (if required)
Before the program is initiated, a joint document (Declaration) should be signed, which expresses the intention of member-states to cooperate in the military environmental field, summarizes goals, areas and forms of cooperation 14

15. BARDEC Work Arrangements
Preliminary phase
Development of the strategy or strategic plan for the next 3-5 years
Development of the legal basis for BARDEC, i.e. a multilateral or a number of bilateral agreements between member-states
Development of a multilateral document, a kind of declaration expressing the goodwill of member-states to start the program
Development of the Program Management Structure at the international level as well as within each country (National BARDEC Support Structure)
Main phase
Implementation of projects 15

16. Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania, Sweden Program Management Structure
BARDEC Management
Preliminary phase
BARDEC Working Group
Points of Contact
Informal Secretariat
Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania, Sweden
Main phase
BARDEC
Program Management Structure 16

17. BARDEC Management Structure
Develop guidelines for BARDEC, implementation policies and requirements
Review reports on BARDEC activities annually
Approve participation of other countries in BARDEC
Approve new projects and obtain funds
DIRECTORATE
Approve project tasks, schedules and funding procedures
Identify and prioritize work requirements, review work plans, schedules, and financing, and execute program tasks on schedule and within budget
Provide project task management and oversee their implementation
Manage logistics and other program support
Oversee national security aspects of BARDEC projects
Prepare and review proposals for new BARDEC projects
Provide Quality Assurance/Quality Control (QA/QC)
Secretariat
Ensure that the Project Plan integrates all task actions
Conduct reviews of budget status and take routine action to ensure success
Ensure that all deliverables and reports meet scheduled milestones
Assume QA/QC responsibilities
Submit proposals for future projects
Technical Experts 17

18. Possible Program Areas
Considering BARDEC a good chance to establish atmosphere of cooperation in the region, consolidate efforts of all countries in order to conserve and protect the fragile Baltic environment, the following areas could be of mutual interest at the initial stage:
Military environmental education and training
 Development and application of innovative technologies for remediation of oily water and soil at military sites
 Elimination of air pollution at military sites 18