Human Body Unit Part X/XIII Nervous System.

Human Body Unit Part X/XIII Nervous System

Human Body Unit A Part X/XIII Nervous System

NGSS 3-5 NGSS MS

NGSS HS

Additional Standards Addressed

New Area of Focus: The Nervous System
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy

FUNCTIONS OF NERVOUS SYSTEM
Receives info about what is happening both inside and outside the body Directs how body responds to this info Helps maintain HOMEOSTASIS Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy

Without the NERVOUS SYSTEM you could not:
*move, think, feel pain, or taste food Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy

Your brain receives vast amounts of information all of the time.

We will close our eyes for a second and rely on other messages your brain receives. For the next thirty seconds be absolutely silent and be ready to report what you… Feel Hear Smell Taste Dream Think Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy

Who thought about keeping their heartbeat going?
Who thought about blinking? Who thought about regulating hormones? Who thought about breathing normal? Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy

Who thought about keeping their heartbeat going?
Who thought about blinking? Who thought about their blood pressure? Who thought about regulating their body temperature? Who thought about regulating hormones? Who thought about breathing normal? Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy

While you are using your nervous system for all of your senses, it’s working double controlling all of the things in your body to keep you living? Different parts of the brain have different functions. Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy

Your brain monitors the stimuli and responds.
c Changes that are happening both inside your body and outside your body are called stimuli. Your brain monitors the stimuli and responds. A RESPONSE is what your body does in reaction to a stimulus. c Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy

Activity Stimulus! Very slowly move your finger until it touches your eyelash. A reflex action will cause your eye to blink.

Activity Stimulus! You can now decide to flick the back of your neck with your with your thumb and middle finger causing pain. This is a conscious voluntary action that you have control over. Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy

Activity Stimulus! A reflex action will cause your eye to blink.
THIS IS AN INVOLUNTARY ACTION – an action that the brain does automatically without a conscious thought! The brain ensures that you blink to protect your eye. Some Other involuntary actions your brain ensures: Breathing Heart beat Respiration Hormone balance Digestion Many more c

Activity Stimulus! You can now decide to flick the back of your neck with your with your thumb and middle finger causing pain. This is a conscious voluntary action that you have control over. Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy

Activity Stimulus! Flicking the back of your neck is a conscious voluntary action that you have control over. A VOLUNTARY ACTION IS SOMETHING YOU CONSCIOUSLY TELL THE BRAIN TO DO. c Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy

Voluntary Actions Flicking the Back of your neck
Choosing to SNAP your fingers RUNNING and jumping TALKING STICKING OUT YOUR TONGUE

The messages that are constantly traveling through your body are carried by the neuron or nerve cells. c

Neuron: A specialized cell transmitting nerve impulses.
Uses both Electrical and chemical signaling. . Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy

Neuron: A specialized cell transmitting nerve impulses.
Electrical and chemical signaling. . Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy

Electrical signal: Changes + and – charges from one end of a neuron to another.

STRUCTURE OF A NEURON 3 MAIN PARTS: LARGE CELL BODY CONTAINING NUCLEUS
DENDRITES –threadlike extensions where all electrical signals begin. AXON (long-tail-like structure)

c NEURON STRUCTURE : The DENDRITES carry impulses TOWARD the neuron’s cell body. The AXON carries impulses AWAY from the neuron’s cell body A neuron can have many DENDRITES, (like limbs on a tree) But only 1 AXON! ( like a tree’s trunk). However, the axon can have more than one tip!

c Path of a Nerve Impulse Electrical impulse begins at the DENDRITE continues to CELL BODY From there it travels Down the AXON to the axon’s TIP To reach the next structure CHEMICAL signals are released to jump the GAP CALLED A SYNAPSE. Then the impulse continues till response is complete.

Drawing a nerve cell / neuron step by step drawing in journal.

Cell Body Myelin sheaths Axon Dendrites

Cell Body With Nucleus Axon tips Myelin sheaths Axon Dendrites

Electrical Cell Body With Nucleus Axon tips Myelin sheaths Axon
Dendrites Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy

Cell Body With nucleus Axon tips Myelin sheaths Axon Dendrites

Cell Body With nucleus Axon tipss Myelin sheaths Axon Dendrites

Cell Body Axon terminals Myelin sheaths Axon Dendrites

1 mm to over 1 meter in length
Cell Body Axon terminals Myelin sheaths Axon Dendrites 1 mm to over 1 meter in length Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy

Do not draw past here Cell Body Axon terminals Myelin sheaths Axon
Dendrites 1 mm to over 1 meter in length Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy

Fingers are dendrites

Fingers are dendrites Hand is cell body

Fingers are dendrites Hand is cell body Arm is axon

“He’ll need a finely tuned nervous system to hit that shot.”
Fingers are dendrites “He’ll need a finely tuned nervous system to hit that shot.” Hand is cell body Arm is axon

Fingers are dendrites Hand is cell body Arm is axon

Activity! Simulation of a neuron / Saltatory conduction.
Billions of nerve impulses travel through your body every day. Nerve impulses can travel as fast as 120 meters per second. Whole class is one neuron (myelinated axons) Students stand at arms length from each other and form a winding line through classroom. Teacher says “go” to start, and first student gently slaps hand on person next to them. That person gently slaps the hand on the person next to them and so on down the axon. Last person in line should toss an object into the air representing the signal going to another neuron. Teacher will time you. Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy

Whole class is one neuron
Activity! Simulation of a neuron / Saltatory conduction. Whole class is one neuron Students stand at arms length from each other and form a winding line through classroom. Teacher says “go” to start, and first student gently slaps hand on person next to them. That person gently slaps the hand on the person next to them and so on down the axon. Last person in line should toss an object into the air representing the signal going to another neuron. Teacher will time you. Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy

Whole class is one neuron (myelinated axons) Students stand at arms length from each other and form a winding line through classroom. Teacher says “go” to start, and first student gently slaps hand on person next to them. That person gently slaps the hand on the person next to them and so on down the axon. Last person in line should toss an object into the air representing the signal going to another neuron. Teacher will time you. Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy

Whole class is one neuron (myelinated axons) Students stand at arms length from each other and form a winding line through classroom. Teacher says “go” to start, and first student gently slaps hand on person next to them. This begins a series of electrical signals. That person gently slaps the hand on the person next to them and so on down the axon. Last person in line should toss an object into the air representing the signal going to another neuron. Teacher will time you. Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy

Whole class is one neuron (myelinated axons) Students stand at arms length from each other and form a winding line through classroom. Teacher says “go” to start, and first student gently slaps hand on person next to them. That person gently slaps the hand on the person next to them and so on down the axon. Last person in line should toss an object into the air representing the signal going to another neuron. Teacher will time you. Every nerve impulse begins in the dendrites with an electrical signal. This electrical signal moves rapidly toward the cell body. From here it moves down the axon and to the axon tip. When the electrical signal or impulse reaches the tip, it must pass to the next structure. Sometimes this structure is the dendrite of another neuron. Other times it is a muscle or a cell in another organ ,like a sweat gland. The place or gap from one dendrite to another stucture is called a synapse. It is here that chemical signals are released to jump this gap and continue on with the impulse. Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy

Down line until last person

Activity! Neurotransmitter.
Each student is a neuron / nerve cell. Teacher passes out small object to each student that easily fits into hand. Students should stand in a line at arms length from each other. (Line can curve around room). Put object in left hand, have right hand open to accept object. When teacher says go, students at the beginning of the line place their object (Chemical signal) into the dendrites of the student next to them. That student then passes their object, and so on down the line. We will time how fast it takes us. Our nervous system can do it in less than seconds. Visual on next slide. Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy

There are three types of neurons.

Sensory neuron: Conducts impulses inwards to the brain or spinal cord.

Sensory neuron: transmits info gathered by our senses to the brain.
c Sensory neuron: transmits info gathered by our senses to the brain. touch odor taste sound vision Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy

B A C Name the type of neuron based on the pictures below?

B A C Interneuron Sensory Neuron Motor Neuron
Which one is a Pathway along which impulses pass from the brain or spinal cord to a muscle or gland? Interneuron Sensory Neuron B A C Motor Neuron Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy

Receptors: Cells that receive messages from your surroundings.

Human Body Unit Part X/XIII Nervous System.

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Human Body Unit Part X/XIII Nervous System.

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