1. 10th World Studies 1.12.18 Turn in: Take out: Today’s Agenda:
Nothing…my fault
Take out:
Planner
Pen/Pencil
Notes
Today’s objective:
I can describe how the events of the Industrial Revolution changed the social structure of England from the 18th-20th C.
Today’s Agenda:
The Industrial Revolution & the impact…
HW:
Take home “Quiz”

2. Early Advances
“Turnip Townshend”: Encouraged rotating 4 crops to restore soil
Turnips
Barley
Clover
Wheat

4. Changing Economics
(Absolutism) Mercantilism – Governments should regulate a nation’s economy to increase wealth at the expense of rival nations and protect home trade from foreign competition. (Enlightenment)Adam Smith and the Market Economy— Governments should not interfere with a nation’s trade, business, or industry, or prevent or discourage its citizens from buying foreign goods. (Industrialism)Imperialism—a policy of extending a country's power and influence through diplomacy, economic, or military force.

5. What paved the way for REVOLUTION?
Inventions
several key invention in Britain
The Flying Shuttle—1733
The Spinning Jenny—1764
Water Frame—1769
Eli Whitney: Cotton Gin 1793: Cleaned raw cotton (50-60 #’s/day)

6. Growth of Textiles Factories
Demand for cloth increases need for efficiency
Lower cost of goods
Spinning Jenny (1764)
Water Frame (1769)
Factories built by rivers to power early machinery
Population moves into large cities

8. Steam Engines 1790: James Watt
River water no longer sufficient  Steam powered machines
Water heated by coal to power machines
Factories can be built anywhere

9. Transportation Growth of steam powered locomotives Canals Modern roads
“The Rocket”
1830 – 70 miles
1840 – 4,500 miles
1870 – 15,000 miles
Canals
Modern roads
Need for iron increases
Need coal
Britain produces more
Iron than all other countries
combined

10. Overhead causes/effects

11. Why Britain? Strong, Stable Government
King and Parliament Rule Together
Peace (the Glorious Revolution and the EBOR—1689)
Good Bank$ and Natural Resources
Loans = Investment
Rivers and Ports to Transport Manufactured Goods
Colonial Empire = Raw Materials + Market
Agricultural Revolution
“Scientific Farming”

12. Transport: 10 Days = London > Edinburgh (400 miles)
England In 1750…
Transport: 10 Days = London > Edinburgh (400 miles)
Work: 20 % of people lived in towns
Health = 28 deaths per 1000 per year
Politics = 5 % of male adults could vote
Education = 7 universities

13. Transport: 1 day from London > Edinburgh
Which is the most impressive change?
1900
Transport: 1 day from London > Edinburgh
Work: 80% of people worked in towns
Health = 18 deaths per 1000 per year
Politics = 60% of male adults could vote
Education = 17 universities

14. TODAY (Literally…the actual meaning of the word…)
Transport: 1 hr. 15 min by plane ($98), 8.5 hrs. by train, 7 hr 23 min
Health = 9.1 deaths per 1000 per year
Politics = 86.3% of citizens could vote
Education = 109 universities

15. Agricultural Revolution The Enclosure Acts: a series of legislation enacted by Parliament restructuring land ownership laws (dating back to 12c., height )
Enclosure Movement
1500’s enclosure began for sheep farming
: Agriculture
Larger field cultivated more easily
Small isolated strips around villages were consolidated: Gleaning Rights: forced to sell. Common land enclosed. Those that relied on it forced out of farming.
Parliament was controlled by landowners so Enclosure Acts were passed
Result: Farming more efficient and ready source of labor in cities
Population Growth:
Agricultural revolution leads to population growth
5 to 9 million from
36 million by 1900

16. Agricultural Revolution
Better methods of farming = more food
More food = less hunger
Less hunger = better health
Better health = less death (longer life)
Less death = more people
More people = more people
All of this = POPULATION GROWTH!!!

17. People are moving away from farm(Enclosure Acts) and to the city
Social Impact(s)
People are moving away from farm(Enclosure Acts) and to the city
URBANIZATION: about 80% of population living in an urban area.
Question: what is the impact of having so many people living in a condensed area?
“Uncovered sewers, stagnant ditches and ponds, gutters always full of putrefying matter…It is not possible for any language to convey an adequate conception of the poisonous condition in which large portions of both these districts always remain…from the masses of putrefying matter which are allowed to accumulate.”

18. New Technologies Coal power developed
1712 Newcomen Engine (expensive and limited application)
Timber shortage = increased demand for coal
Coal mines needed to be deeper…leads to water seeping into mines
Newcomen engine used to pump water out

19. New Technologies
Steam engine Improved in 2 major ways (condenser and circular power cycle) by James Watt
Allows factories to be built anywhere
No longer is water power needed in same place as factory
The development of machine tools, such as the lathe, planing and shaping machines powered by these engines, enabled all the metal parts of the engines to be easily and accurately cut and in turn made it possible to build larger and more powerful engines.