1. Gender and Age MANAR AHMAD AWADA 201050349
MOZA KHAMIS AL SHAMSI
NOURAH HASSAN SALEM

2. Contents : Gender-Exclusive speech differences Gender definition
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Gender-Exclusive speech differences
Gender definition
Examples
Gender-Preferential speech Features
Gender and Social Class
Explanations of Women’s Linguistic Behavior
The Social Status Explanation
Women’s Role as Guardian of Society Values
Subordinate group must be polite
Vernacular forms express machismo
Some alternative explanations
Language , Society & Culture

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Gender : the properties that distinguish organism on the basis of their reproductive roles .
Language , Society & Culture

4. Gender-Exclusive speech differences
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Women and Men do not speak in exactly the same way as each other in any community , and in this community Women and Men speak different language . For instance , in Yana a North American Indian language , some of the words used between Men are longer than the equivalent words used by Women and Women . Example : Women Men ‘deer’ ba ba-na ‘person’ yaa yaa-na
Language , Society & Culture

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In this community if a person uses the wrong form for their gender , the older members of the community may consider them bisexual . In some languages there are also differences between the vocabulary items used by Women and Men , the traditional Japanese is a clear example : Example : Women Men otoosan oyaji ‘father’ onaka hara ‘stomach’ These distinctions are a matter of degrees of formality or politeness than gender .
Language , Society & Culture

6. Gender-Preferential speech Features
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In Western urban communities Women and Men do not use completely different forms , they use different quantities or frequencies of the same forms , for instance , Women use more – ing pronunciation than Men in words like swimming and typing .
Language , Society & Culture

7. Gender and Social Class
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In every social class men use more vernacular forms than women.
women use more standard forms than men.
women use more ing-forms than men.
in western communities, such differences are found in the speech of different social classes, therefore the language of women in the lower and higher classes is more similar to that of men in the same group.
Language , Society & Culture

8. Explanations of Women’s Linguistic Behavior
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Why can't a woman be more like a man?
social class and its related status for an explanation.
Refers to women's role in society.
Women's status as a subordinate group.
Function of speech in expressing gender identity and especially masculinity.
Language , Society & Culture

9. The Social Status Explanation
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Some linguistic have suggested that woman use more standard speech forms than men because they are more status-conscious than men.
Women’s Role as Guardian of Society Values:
little boys are generally allowed more freedom than little girls.
Language , Society & Culture

10. Subordinate group must be polite
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Woman as subordinate group, it is argued, must avoid offending men – and so they must speak carefully and politely.
Vernacular forms express machismo:
Why don’t men use more standard forms?
Because men prefer vernacular forms . They carry macho connotations of masculinity and toughness.
Language , Society & Culture

11. Some alternative explanations
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Women tend to be more cooperative conversationalists than men.
Men on the other hand tend to be less responsive to the speech of others and to their conversational needs.
Language , Society & Culture

12. 11/21/2018
Language , Society & Culture