1. Civil Rights Era: The Movement Turns Violent
A Shift in Perspective and Goals-The Movement Becomes Radicalized

2. EQ: Who were the other Leaders of the Civil Rights Movement and how did they differ from MLK?

3. The Alternative Civil Rights Movement
MLK and the peaceful, non-violent movement is the most well known
There were many groups with differing views and the same goal of equality
Threat of CR Violence was always there
MLK’s group tried to keep the peace
Other groups wanted violent response to FORCE change
Race Riots in CA, MI, NY, NJ, D.C. marked a turning point in the struggle
The legal victories were not improving the situation quickly enough
Some never believed the legal changes were sincere efforts at equality-MX
Some were non-violent and became violent out of frustrations

5. MALCOLM X Born 1925 in Omaha, NB/Assn 1965 in NY
Father Murdered by White Supremist at age 6 -Destroyed his family
Early life of Crime and Drugs led to imprisonment at age 21-6 Years
Prison Conversion to Islam by Elijah Muhamad-Nation of Islam Leader
Malcolm X is his chosen name -Last name of Little is his “slave name”
Rejected the given White History of his people, sought to educate on the Real Story of Race in America
Strongest Belief was Separation of Races and Need for Black Nationalism
Early on Hated Whites -White Devils that could not be trusted
Believed that MLK was a “House Negro”
Changed his views about Whites shortly before death after his Pilgrimage to Mecca in 1964

7. Reflection Questions
Why does Malcolm X not consider himself an American? What does he point to as evidence that he is not really a citizen of the United States?
Why does Malcolm X not believe in nonviolence as a means of social reform?

8. The Black Power Movement
Born out of SNCC leadership change in
Stokely Carmichael left SNCC out of need for quicker change
Popularized the Term: BLACK POWER!
BLACK IS BEAUTIFUL! Also from BPM
It has been corrupted from his original usage- Means Economic & Political Power
Became tied to Radical Violent Groups
Carmichael wanted it to encourage Black Capitalism etc.
Criticized because they also taught Black Superiority-seen as Racist
Now seen as Extremist, and the Foundation of Groups like the Black Panthers
Later had to flee USA -changed name to Kwame Ture and moved to Ghana

10. How would you characterize the Black Power Movement's overall relationship to and philosophy on violence?
Discuss and support your own opinion on the use of and need for violence in major social movements.

11. The Black Panthers
Formed in 1966 By Huey Newton and Bobby Seale in Oakland
First and Foremost –Members were Armed with weapons
Believed that everything else would fall into place because of the threat of violence
FBI and Hoover considered them the #1 threat to internal security at the time
Started Black Social Programs for Kids –Free Breakfast for Children
Expanded to 68 cities and were in three countries
Considered to be the most influential Black Movement of the late 60’s and 70’s.
Eventual infighting and Murder led to disintegration of Party

13. Zero in on one major leader of the Black Power Movement, such as Stokely Carmichael, Malcolm X, or a leading member of the Black Panthers. What do you see as this person's major contribution and perspective? How did his or her life and work impact the movement overall, and how do you feel he or she should be remembered in history?