1. Fluid and Electrolyte Balance
KNH 413

5. Body Solutes Types of solutes Electrolytes Other molecules
Sodium, potassium, calcium, magnesium, chloride, bicarbonate, phosphate, sulphate
Ions dissociate to form charged particles
Other molecules
Glucose, protein, urea, lactate, organic acids
Remain stable

6. Body Solutes Distribution of solutes
Sum of cations must be equal to sum of anions within a given compartment
Movement of solutes influenced by:
Molecular size
Electrical charge of the molecule
Hydrostatic pressure
Method of solute transport

10. Regulation of Fluid and Electrolytes
Osmotic and hydrostatic pressure
Thirst
Renal
Hormonal influence - RAAS
Electrolyte regulation

11. Regulation of Fluid and Electrolytes
Thirst
Renal function
Renin-Angiotension-Aldosterone System

15. Disorders of Fluid Balance
Alterations in volume
Hypovolemia
Hypervolemia
Alterations in osmolality
Sodium imbalances
Hyponatremia
Hypernatremia
Potassium imbalances
Hypokalemia
Hyperkalemia

16. Disorders of Fluid Balance
Calcium imbalance
Hypocalcemia
Hypercalcemia
Phosphorus imbalance
Hypophosphatemia
Hyperphosphatemia
Magnesium imbalance
Hypomagnesemia
Hypermagnesemia

17. Disorders of Fluid Balance
What are the…
Causes ?
Clinical manifestations ?
Laboratory findings ?
Treatment ?
Identify underlying cause

18. © 2007 Thomson - Wadsworth

21. Fluid and Electrolyte Balance
Assess for factors that affect fluid and electrolyte balance:
Disease or injury
Medication or treatment
Fluid loss
Nutrient restriction
Oral intake
Intake vs. output