1. 11.1 | Environment and Society
Sub-Saharan Africa
11.1 | Environment and Society

2. O | EN: Diversity Sahara desert The savanna Tropical rainforests
Semi-arid Sahel region
Wet and dry seasons
The savanna
Open grasslands with open canopy
Tropical rainforests
Thick, with diverse ecosystems
O | EN: Diversity

3. D | EN: Extraction Berlin Conference 1884
Colonial Africa, puppet states, and resources
African resources to European manufactories
European goods sold back to Africa
D | EN: Extraction

4. T | EN: Overuse This extraction expanded by 1970
More demand for goods means more production required
Entire ecosystems destroyed to make room for
Agricultural zones (deforestation)
Resource plantations (rubber; chocolate)
T | EN: Overuse

5. O | S: Tribalism 3,000+ ethnic groups in Africa
Sahel and savanna communities
Hunter and gatherers
O | S: Tribalism

6. D | S: Diversification The Bantu social group
Niger-Congo region
650+ languages spoken
Commonalities and differences
Internal slave trade (later external)
D | S: Diversification

7. T | S: Exploitation Ethnic tensions within Eurocentric countries
Political corruption and social exclusion
Socio-economic divide
International labor issues
Child labor
Limited internal investment
Lack of jobs/opportunities
Crime and insurgency
T | S: Exploitation