1. Dual Bronchodilation in COPD: From Clinical Trial Evidence to Clinical Practice

3. Introduction

4. GOLD Recommendations: First-Line Pharmacologic Therapy for Stable COPD

5. Available and Emerging LABA and LAMA Bronchodilators for COPD

6. LABA/LAMA Dual Bronchodilation vs Monocomponents: Indacaterol/glycopyrronium

7. LABA/LAMA Dual Bronchodilation vs Monocomponents: Tiotropium/Olodaterol

8. Patient-Reported Dyspnea Scores After 6 Weeks of Treatment

9. Annualized Rate of Moderate or Severe Exacerbations: SPARK

10. Clinician Perspective on Which Patients May Be Most Suited for Dual Bronchodilation

11. Time to Effect of Single Dose of Umeclidinium/ Vilanterol vs Monocomponents or Placebo

12. Patients Determine the Effect of Therapy on Symptom Control

13. Lung Function Improvement With Umeclidinium/Vilanterol vs Fluticasone/Salmeterol

14. Time to First Moderate or Severe COPD Exacerbation for Indacaterol/Glycopyrronium vs Salmeterol/Fluticasone

15. FLAME Study Design and Objective

16. Time to First Exacerbation for Indacaterol/ Glycopyrronium vs Salmeterol/Fluticasone

17. Rate of Exacerbation by Specific Subgroups

18. Most Frequent AEs: FLAME Study

19. Lung Function With Triple Therapy: LAMA + LABA/ICS vs LABA/ICS + Placebo

20. Real-Life Use of ICS

21. Effect of ICS Withdrawal on Lung Function and Exacerbations

22. ICS Withdrawal and Exacerbations in Patients With Severe COPD: WISDOM

23. Risk of Severe COPD Exacerbation After ICS Withdrawal

24. New Data and a Shift in Treatment Strategy?

25. Role of Bronchodilators as Basis of Treatment

26. Post Hoc Analysis of FORWARD Study Data According to Blood EOS

27. Prospective Study of Blood Eosinophil Level and Exacerbation Rate in FLAME

28. Concluding Remarks

29. Abbreviations

30. Abbreviations (cont)