1. Climate Change

2. I. The Earth's Climate has changed many times, due to natural causes.
**There have been at least 4 Ice Ages in the last 3 million years
- with only a 5oC cooler difference!

3. Four major continental glaciations are recorded in North America
Four major continental glaciations are recorded in North America. The last began about 70,000 years ago, and ended 10,000 years ago. The ice moved as far south as Missouri.

4. II. What Are Some Natural Causes of Climate Change?
(A) Variations in the Earth's Orbit (tilt or shape) - cycles from 20,000 to 100,000 yrs.

5. (B) Changes in the amount of energy coming from the Sun

6. C) Volcanic emissions

7. (D) Collisions with comets or meteorites

8. (E) El Nino/La Nina
El Nino – A weather phenomenon characterized by unusually warm ocean temperatures in the Equatorial Pacific. 
Develops every 3-5 years
Develops of the western coast of
South Africa
Triggers short-term climate change
La Nina – A weather phenomenon characterized by unusually cool ocean temperatures.

9. III. Has the World's Climate Changed in the Last 100 Years?
ANSWER: YES.
(1) The average surface temperature has increased by about 1°F.
(2) Snow cover and ice extent have decreased.
(3) The sea level has risen by 4-8".

10. EVIDENCE OF GLOBAL TEMPERATURE INCREASES SINCE 1900:
(A) Recorded temperature changes
(B) The observed rise in sea level of 4-8    inches
(C) The shrinkage of mountain glaciers
(D) Reduction of northern hemisphere    snow cover
(E) Increasing sub-surface ground    temperatures

11. IV. Have Humans Caused Some of the Recent Climate Changes?
ANSWER: POSSIBLY.

12. SOME HUMAN ACTIVITIES MIGHT BE:
(A) Burning of fossil fuels (coal, oil, and natural gases:

13. (B) Global Deforestation

14. Forty Points for your Notes! Line up!