1. Water and Seawater
Unusual material

2. Thermal Properties Found in solid, liquid and gas form on Earth
What happens as heat is added or subtracted from water?
What is so special about water (and seawater) in this regard?

3. Flat areas: latent heat

4. Thermal Properties, cont.
Very high HEAT CAPACITY
Heat balance of earth: evaporation and condensation at ocean surface

5. Salinity Basic definition Important components Cl- Na+ SO4-- Mg++ Ca++K+

6. Salinity: other aspects
Principle of constant proportions
What adds and removes salt from oceans? (see page 148, figure 5.19)
Steady State (assumption): in = out

7. Steady state in terms of salinity

8. Residence time of a dissolved constituent: What does it mean?
Acidity of seawater
Surface salinity vs. latitude: balance between evaporation and precipitation

11. Desalination A source of potable water
Methods: distillation, membranes, freeze separation

12. Density Influence of temperature, salinity, pressure
Extremely important in ocean
Surface ocean, transition zone, deep ocean