1. Chapter 9 Section 3 Notes
Teddy Roosevelt

2. His rise to the Presidency
early life = wealthy family, good athlete, smart (Harvard)
early political career (worked his way to the top)
NY state Congressman
NY city Police Commissioner
Went into U.S. Navy, multiple promotions
became a hero in Spanish/American War (more in Chp. 10)
Governor of NY
Vice President under McKinley
McKinley was shot 6 months after getting reelected
TR became the man!

3. Facts about TR’s Presidency
It lasted from 1901 – 1909 (2 terms)
He was Republican
What made him different?
Youngest President Ever (42 years old… I’ll explain)
1st Media President
They loved him. Followed him everywhere

4. The Square Deal Name of his overall plan
Believed all people (rich and poor) should be able to succeed, but needed to follow the law.

5. Trust Buster? One of TR’s Nicknames. Why?
Pushed for increased regulations on trusts (big businesses) that damaged the “public good” by monopolizing an industry through illegal means
Had some successes… later progressive presidents had more.

7. Coal Strike of 1902
150,000 coal miners went on strike in Pennsylvania (PA)
Started in May… lasted 6 months
Why a big deal?
Coal heated buildings… affected everyone
Most coal in U.S. came from PA.

8. Causes of the Strike Dangerous working conditions
Workers could get laid off with no warning
if they got injured, complained, production slowed down, etc…
Workers forced to live in company towns and get paid with scrip instead of $$$ to get food, clothing, and shelter (explain – use website)

9. Management wouldn’t negotiate with the union.
Federal Govt. gets involved and helps settle the dispute for the public good.
Compromise = 9 hour work day, 10% raise, some safety improvements
2 Major Impacts
Union Membership Increases
1st labor episode where govt. acts as an arbitrator
listens to both sides… settles dispute
Still happens sometimes when 2 sides can’t reach an agreement on a contract

10. Railroad Industry gets Regulated by Fed Govt. Three Acts
Interstate Commerce Act
Stopped railroad owners from working together to fix high prices
Elkins Act
Railroads couldn’t give rebates (discounts) to big businesses for all of their shipping
Railroads had to post rates that they charged
Hepburn Act
No free passes to anyone
Govt. could limit amount of $ railroads charged
Square Deal clip on website

11. Food and Drug Industry Gets Regulations Two Acts
Pure Food and Drug Act
Regulated content of food
No addictive drugs allowed (unless prescribed)
Accurate labels required on packaging
Meat Inspection Act
Inspection of livestock before & after slaughter
Inspection of slaughterhouses (sanitary?)
Came about because of a book
Upton Sinclair’s (a muckraker) The Jungle
Discussed unsanitary and poor working conditions of existing slaughterhouses
Outraged the public
TR and Congress responded
Show The Jungle clip on website

13. TR is considered to be 1st Conservation President
Saw need to control and save natural resources
tripled amount of land set aside for National Parks
set aside land for mineral exploration in the future
Newlands Act (1902)
Fed. $ was used to irrigate Western land for farming and settlement by building dams.

14. Yellowstone National Park, Wyoming

15. Civil Rights under Teddy Roosevelt
Very little movement towards equality for African-Americans
2 major Civil Rights leaders emerge during his Presidency

16. Booker T. Washington
Believed African Americans would get equality when they “fit in” with their community and earned a decent living.
Should “tolerate segregation”
Promoted trade schools
Liked by most powerful whites
Invited to White House (not viewed as a threat)

17. W.E.B. Du Bois
Believed African Americans would get equality once they achieved full suffrage and higher educations.
Should “fight against segregation”
Began the National Assoc. for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP) in 1909.
Few gains until mid 20th century
Not liked by most powerful whites
Viewed as a threat